Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary.
Part 4.
by Various.
CHAMBERS'S TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY.
S the nineteenth letter in our alphabet, its sound that of the hard open sibilant: as a medieval Roman numeral--7--also 70; [=S]--70,000.--COLLAR OF SS, a collar composed of a series of the letter _s_ in gold, either linked together or set in close order.
SAB, sab, _n._ (_Scot._) a form of _sob_.
SABADILLA, sab-a-dil'a, _n._ a Mexican plant, whose seeds yield an officinal alkaloid, _veratrine_, employed chiefly in acute febrile diseases in strong healthy persons.--Also CEBADILL'A, CEVADILL'A.
SABAISM, s[=a]'b[=a]-izm. Same as SABIANISM.--Also S[=A]'BaeISM, S[=A]'BEISM, S[=A]'BaeANISM.
SA'BAL, s[=a]'bal, _n._ a genus of fan-palms.
SABALO, sab'a-l[=o], _n._ the tarpon. [Sp.]
SABAOTH, sa-b[=a]'oth, _n.pl._ armies, used only in the B. phrase, 'the Lord of Sabaoth': erroneously for Sabbath. [Heb. _tseb[=a][=o]th_, pl. of _ts[=a]b[=a]_, an army--_ts[=a]b[=a]_, to go forth.]
SABBATH, sab'ath, _n._ among the Jews, the seventh day of the week, set apart for the rest from work: among Christians, the first day of the week, in memory of the resurrection of Christ, called also _Sunday_ and the _Lord's Day:_ among the ancient Jews, the seventh year, when the land was left fallow: a time of rest.--_adj_. pertaining to the Sabbath.--_n._ SABBAT[=A]'RIAN, a very strict observer of the Sabbath: one who observes the seventh day of the week as the Sabbath.--_adj_. pertaining to the Sabbath or to Sabbatarians.--_ns._ SABBAT[=A]'RIANISM; SABB'ATH-BREAK'ER, one who profanes the Sabbath; SABB'ATH-BREAK'ING, profanation of the Sabbath.--_adjs._ SABB'ATHLESS (_Bacon_), without Sabbath or interval of rest: without intermission of labour; SABBAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or resembling, the Sabbath: enjoying or bringing rest.--_n._ SABBAT'ICAL-YEAR, every seventh year, in which the Israelites allowed their fields and vineyards to lie fallow.--_adj._ SABB'ATINE, pertaining to the Sabbath.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ SABB'ATISE, to keep the Sabbath: to convert into a Sabbath.--_n._ SABB'ATISM, rest, as on the Sabbath: intermission of labour.--SABBATH-DAY'S JOURNEY, the distance of 2000 cubits, or about five furlongs, which a Jew was permitted to walk on the Sabbath, fixed by the space between the extreme end of the camp and the ark (Josh. iii. 4); SABBATH SCHOOL (see SUNDAY SCHOOL).--WITCHES' SABBATH, a midnight meeting of Satan with witches, devils, and sorcerers for unhallowed orgies and the travestying of divine rites. [L. _Sabbatum_, gener. in pl. _Sabbata_--Gr.
_Sabbaton_--Heb. _Shabb[=a]th_, rest.]
SABBATIA, sa-b[=a]'ti-a, _n._ a genus of small North American herbaceous plants of the gentian family. [From _Sabbati_, an 18th-cent. Italian botanist.]
SABBATON, sab'a-ton, _n._ a strong, armed covering for the foot, worn in the 16th century. [_Sabot._]
SABEAN, s[=a]-b[=e]'an, _n._ an Arabian, native of Yemen.--_adj._ pertaining to _Saba_ in Arabia.
SABELINE, sab'e-lin, _adj._ pertaining to the sable.--_n._ the skin of the sable.
SABELLA, s[=a]-bel'a, _n._ a genus of tubiculous annelids or sea-worms.--_ns._ SABELL[=A]'RIA; SABELLAR[=I]'IDae.
SABELLIAN, s[=a]-bel'i-an, _n._ a follower of _Sabellius_, a 3d-century heretic, banished from Rome by Callistus.--_adj._ pertaining to Sabellius or his heresy.--_n._ SABELL'IANISM, the heresy about the distinction of Persons in God held by Sabellius and his school--the Trinity resolved into a mere threefold manifestation of God to man, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit not distinct subsistences, but merely one and the same person in different aspects.
SABER=_Sabre_ (q.v.).
SABIAN, s[=a]'bi-an, _n._ a worshipper of the host of heaven--sun, moon, and stars--also TS[=A]'BIAN.--_ns._ S[=A]'BIANISM, S[=A]'BAISM, the worship of the host of heaven, an ancient religion in Persia and Chaldea: the doctrines of the Sabians or Mandaeans (see MANDaeAN). [Heb. _ts[=a]b[=a]_, a host.]
SABINE, s[=a]'b[=i]n, _n._ one of an ancient people of central Italy, ultimately subjected by Rome, 241 B.C.
SABLE, s[=a]'bl, _n._ a Siberian species of Marten, with lustrous dark-brown or blackish fur: its fur: a fine paint-brush made of sable: the colour black: (_pl._) black clothes, mourning clothes.--_adj._ of the colour of the sable's fur: blackish, dark-brown: made of the fur of the sable.--_v.t._ to sadden.--_adjs._ S[=A]'BLE-STOLED; S[=A]'BLE-VEST'ED. [O.
Fr. _sable_--Russ. _sabol[)i]._]
SABLIeRE, sab-li-[=a]r', _n._ a sand-pit. [Fr.]
[Illustration]
SABOT, sa-b[=o]', _n._ a wooden shoe, worn by the French peasantry: a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.--_n._ SABOTIER', a wearer of wooden shoes: a Waldensian. [Fr.
_sabot_--Low L. _sabbatum_, a shoe.]
SABRE, s[=a]'b[.e]r, _n._ a heavy one-edged sword, slightly curved towards the point, used by cavalry.--_v.t._ to wound or kill with a sabre.--_ns._ S[=A]'BRE-BILL, a South American bird: a curlew; S[=A]'BRE-FISH, the hair-tail or silver eel.--_adj._ S[=A]'BRE-TOOTHED, having extremely long upper canine teeth.--_n._ S[=A]'BRE-WING, a humming-bird. [Fr.
_sabre_--Ger. _sabel_, prob. from the Hung. _szablya_.]
SABRE-TACHE, s[=a]'b[.e]r-tash, _n._ an ornamental leather case worn by cavalry officers at the left side, suspended from the sword-belt.--Also S[=A]'BRE-TASH. [Fr. _sabre-tache_--Ger. _sabeltasche_, _sabel_, a sabre, Ger. _tasche_, a pocket.]
SABRINA-WORK, sa-br[=i]'na-wurk, _n._ a variety of applique embroidery-work.
SABULOUS, sab'[=u]-lus, _adj._ sandy, gritty.--_n._ SABULOS'ITY, sandiness, grittiness. [L. _sabulum_, sand.]
SABURRA, s[=a]-bur'a, _n._ a foulness of the stomach.--_adj._ SABURR'AL.--_n._ SABURR[=A]'TION, sand-baking: the application of a hot sand-bath.
SAC, sak, _n._ (_bot._, _zool._) a sack or bag for a liquid.--_adjs._ SAC'C[=A]TE, -D, pouched: pouch-like; SAC'CULAR, like a sac, sacciform; SAC'CULATE, -D, formed in a series of sac-like expansions: encysted.--_ns._ SACCUL[=A]'TION, the formation of a sac: a series of sacs; SAC'CULE, SAC'CULUS, a small sac:--_pl._ SAC'CULI. [Fr.,--L. _saccus_, a bag.]
SAC, sak, _n._ (_law_) the privilege of a lord of manor of holding courts.
[A.S. _sacu_, strife.]
SACCADE, sa-k[=a]d', _n._ a violent twitch of a horse by one pull: a firm pressure of the bow on the violin-strings so that two are sounded at once.
[Fr.]
SACCATA, sa-k[=a]'ta, _n._ the molluscs as a branch of the animal kingdom.
SACCHARILLA, sak-a-ril'a, _n._ a kind of muslin.
SACCHARINE, sak'a-rin, _adj._ pertaining to, or having the qualities of, sugar.--_n._ SAC'CHAR[=A]TE, a salt of a saccharic acid.--_adjs._ SACCHAR'IC, pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar and allied substances; SACCHARIF'EROUS, producing sugar, as from starch.--_v.t._ SAC'CHARIFY, to convert into sugar.--_ns._ SACCHARIM'ETER, SACCHAROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the quantity of saccharine matter in a liquid; SACCHARIM'ETRY, SACCHAROM'ETRY; SAC'CHARIN, a white crystalline solid slightly soluble in cold water, odourless, but intensely sweet; SACCHARIN'ITY.--_v.t._ SAC'CHARISE, to convert into sugar:--_pr.p._ sac'char[=i]sing; _pa.p._ sac'char[=i]sed.--_adjs._ SAC'CHAROID, -AL, having a texture resembling sugar, esp. loaf-sugar.--_n._ SAC'CHAROSE, the ordinary pure sugar of commerce.--_adj._ SAC'CHAROUS.--_n._ SAC'CHARUM, a genus of grasses, including the sugar-cane. [Fr. _saccharin_--L.
_saccharum_, sugar.]
SACCHARITE, sak'a-r[=i]t, _n._ a fine granular variety of feldspar.
SACCHAROCOLLOID, sak-a-r[=o]-kol'oid, _n._ one of a large group of the carbohydrates.
SACCHAROMYCES, sak-a-r[=o]-m[=i]'s[=e]z, _n._ a genus of the yeast fungi.
[Low L. _saccharum_, sugar, Gr. _myk[=e]s_, a mushroom.]
SACCIFORM, sak'si-form, _adj._ having the form of a sac: baggy.--_adj._ SACCIF'EROUS.
SACCOBRANCHIA, sak-[=o]-brang'ki-a, _n.pl._ a division of tunicates with saccate gills.--_adj._ and _n._ SACCOBRANCH'I[=A]TE. [Gr. _sakkos_, a sack, _brangchia_, gills.]
SACCOLABIUM, sak-[=o]-l[=a]'bi-um, _n._ a genus of orchids. [L. _saccus_, a sack, _labium_, a lip.]
SACCOMYOID, sak-[=o]-m[=i]'oid, _adj._ having cheek-pouches. [Gr. _sakkos_, sack, _mys_, a mouse.]
SACCOPHARYNGIDae, sak-o-f[=a]-rin'ji-d[=e], _n._ a family of lyomerous fishes, including the bottle-fish, noted for swallowing fishes larger than themselves.
SACCOS, sak'os, _n._ a tight sleeveless vestment worn by Oriental patriarchs and metropolitans during divine service, corresponding to the Western dalmatic. [Gr. _sakkos_, a sack.]