9 Paul Krugman, The Conscience of a Liberal (New York: Norton, 2007), 23. Krugman cites Historical Statistics 1975 for his spending figures.
10 Calculated from Campaign Finance Institute, www.cfinst.org/pdf/VitalStats_t2.pdf.
11 Calculated from Campaign Finance Institute, www.cfinst.org/pdf/vital/VitalStats_t9.pdf; www.cfinst.org/pdf/vital/VitalStats_t10.pdf; and www.cfinst.org/pdf/vital/VitalStats_t11.pdf.
12 Philip A. Klinkner, The Losing Parties: Out-Party National Committees, 1956a"1993 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 133.
13 Ibid., 139.
14 Federal Election Commission data in Paul S. Herrnson, aNational Party Organizations at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century,a in L. Sandy Maisel, The Parties Respond: Changes in American Parties and Campaigns 4th ed. (Boulder: Westview Press, 2002), table 3.1, 55.
15 Gary C. Jacobson, aThe Republican Advantage in Campaign Finance,a in John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peerson, eds., The New Direction in American Politics (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 1985), 154.
16 Kuttner, Life of the Party, 83.
17 Herrnson, aNational Party Organizations,a 55; Campaign Finance Institute, table 3a"10.
18 Klinkner, The Losing Parties, 64a"77.
19 Herrnson, aNational Party Organizations,a table 3.1, 55.
20 Klinkner, The Losing Parties, 143.
21 Ibid., 157.
22 Ibid., 159.
23 Ibid., 164.
24 Herrnson, aNational Party Organizations,a 55.
25 David Vogel, Fluctuating Fortunes: The Political Power of Business in America (New York: Basic Books, 1989), 245.
26 Kuttner, Life of the Party, 62, 63.
27 Ibid., 71.
28 Klinkner, The Losing Parties, 181a"82.
29 Karol, Party Position Change, 67.
30 The next three paragraphs draw on Kenneth S. Baeras sympathetic history of the DLC, Reinventing Democrats: The Politics of Liberalism from Reagan to Clinton (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000).
31 Baer, Reinventing Democrats, 73a"74.
32 DLC, aNew Orleans Declaration: A Democratic Agenda for the 1990s,a statement endorsed by the Fourth Annual DLC Conference, March 1, 1990.
33 Jonathan Chait, The Big Con: The True Story of How Washington Got Hoodwinked and Hijacked by Crackpot Economics (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007), 223.
34 David A. Stockman, The Triumph of Politics: The Inside Story of the Reagan Revolution (Avon: New York, 1986), 241. On Breauxas successful brand of anon-partisan chica see Chait, The Big Con, 225a"28.
35 Kuttner, Life of the Party, 53.
36 For a detailed discussion see Mark Smith, The Right Talk: How Conservatives Transformed the Great Society into the Economic Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), chapter 7.
37 Quoted in Paul Barrett, aWhat Brought Down Wall Street?a MSNBC.com, September 19, 2008, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26793500.
38 Barbara Rudolph, Gisela Bolte, Richard Hornik, and Thomas McCarroll, aThe Savings and Loan Crisis: Finally, the Bill Has Come Due,a Time, February 20, 1989, http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,957083,00.html.
39 See Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers, Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics (New York: Hill and Wang, 1986), 130a"37.
40 Eisenhower, Dwight D. Personal and confidential to Edgar Newton Eisenhower, November 8, 1954. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, L. Galambos and D. van Ee, eds., doc. 1147.
41 Jeffrey Eisenach, executive director of GOPAC, quoted in Daniel J. Balz and Ronald Brownstein, Storming the Gates: Protest Politics and the Republican Revival (Boston: Little, Brown, 1996), 145.
42 Thomas Byrne Edsall, The New Politics of Inequality (New York: Norton, 1984).
43 Balz and Brownstein, Storming the Gates.
Chapter 8. Building a Bridge to the Nineteenth Century.
1 Calculated from http://elsa.berkeley.edu/~salz/TabFig2007.xls. These figures include capital gains.
2 Patrice Hill, aMcCain Adviser Talks of aMental Recession,aa Washington Times, July 9, 2008; aObama on Gramm: aAmerica Already Has One Dr. Phil,aa Associated Press, July 10, 2008.
3 Arthur Levitt, Take On the Street: How to Fight for Your Financial Future (New York: Pantheon, 2002), 205.
4 Eric Lipton and Stephen Labaton, aA Deregulator Looks Back, Unswayed,a New York Times, November 17, 2008.
5 Ibid.
6 David Corn, aForeclosure Phil,a Mother Jones, May 28, 2008.
7 aTransportationa"DeLay Stands in Path of Proposal to Expand TEA-21 Spending,a Congress Daily PM, March 17, 2003.
8 Kevin Drum, aThe New Model Republican Party,a www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2003_10/002380php.
9 Lyman A. Kellstedt, John C. Green, James L. Guth, and Corwin E. Smidt, aReligious Voting Blocs in the 1992 Election: The Year of the Evangelical?a Sociology of Religion 55, no. 3 (1994): 311.
10 Thomas Byrne Edsall with Mary D. Edsall, Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics (New York: Norton, 1992), 131a"34.
11 Kimberly H. Conger and John C. Green, aSpreading Out and Digging In: Christian Conservatives and State Republican Parties,a Campaigns and Elections, February 2002, http://www.find.articles.com/p/articles/mi_m2519/is_I_23;shai_ 82757259.
12 Thomas Frank, Whatas the Matter with Kansas? How Conservatives Won the Heart of America (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004), 109.
13 Bob Woodward, The Agenda: Inside the Clinton White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 161.
14 Quoted in Dan Balz and Ronald Brownstein, Storming the Gates: Protest Politics and Republican Revival (Boston: Little, Brown, 1996), 175.
15 Ibid., 182, 183.
16 David Maraniss and Michael Weisskopf, aSpeaker and His Directors Make the Cash Flow Right,a Washington Post, November 27, 1995, http://www.washington post.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/cf112795.htm.
17 Calculated from http://www.opensecrets.org.
18 Data from the Senate Office of Public Records. Calculations by Center for Responsive Politics, www.opensecrets.org/lobby/index.php.
19 This discussion draws from Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson, aTax Politics and the Struggle Over Activist Government,a in Paul Pierson and Theda Skocpol, eds., The Transformation of American Politics: Activist Government and the Rise of Conservatism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 256a"80.
20 Eliza Newlin Carey, aMooreas Club for Growth Causing a Stir in the GOP,a National Journal, October 26, 2002, 3128.
21 William G. Gale, Peter R. Orszag, and Isaac Shapiro, aDistributional Effects of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts and their Financing,a Washington, DC: Brookings Institution and Tax Policy Center, available at http://www.brook.edu/views/papers/gale/20040603.htm.
22 Carey, aMooreas Club for Growth Causing a Stir in the GOP,a 3128; Matt Bai, aFight Club,a New York Times Magazine, August 10, 2003, 24.
23 Sean M. Theriault, Party Polarization in Congress (New York: Cambridge, 2008), 197.
24 Quoted in Balz and Brownstein, Storming the Gates, 15.
25 David R. Mayhew, aClinton, the 103rd Congress, and Unified Party Control: What Are the Lessons?a in Parties and Policies: How the American Government Works (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), 114.
26 Calculated from data available at the Tax Policy Center, a joint project of the Urban Institute and the Brookings Institution: http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/Content/Excel/T02a"0024.xls. Includes provisions affecting marginal tax rates, the 10 percent bracket, the child tax credit, the child and dependent care credit, the limitation on itemized deductions, the personal exemption phaseout, the AMT, as well as the standard deduction, 15 percent bracket, and EITC provisions for married couples. Excludes retirement and education provisions.
27 Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson, aAbandoning the Middle: The Bush Tax Cuts and the Limits of Democratic Control,a Perspectives on Politics 3 (2005): 39; Memo from Michele Davis to Treasury Secretary Paul OaNeill, February 2, 2001. From Ron Suskind, aThe Bush Files,a http://thepriceofloyalty.ronsuskind.com/thebush files/archives/000058.html.
28 Citizens for Tax Justice, aYear-by-Year Analysis of the Bush Tax Cuts Shows Growing Tilt to the Very Rich,a 2002, http://www.ctj.org/html/gwb0602.htm.
29 Joint Economic Committee, U.S. House, aThe Alternative Minimum Tax for Individuals: A Growing Burden,a Washington, D.C., May 2001, http://www.house.gov/jec/tax/amt.htm.
30 Aviva Aron-Dine and Robert Greenstein, aThe AMTas Growth Was Not aUnintendeda: How the Administration and Congressional Leaders Anticipated the AMT Problem and Knowingly Made It Worse,a Washington, D.C., Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, November 30, 2007, available at http://www.cbpp.org/files/11a"30a"07tax.pdf.
31 Ibid., 2.
32 Ron Suskind, The Price of Loyalty: George W. Bush, the White House, and the Education of Paul OaNeill (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004).
33 Michael Graetz and Ian Shapiro, Death by a Thousand Cuts (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006).
34 Peter A. Gourevitch and James Shinn, Political Power and Corporate Control: The New Global Politics of Corporate Governance (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005).
35 Robert Kuttner, The Squandering of America: How the Failure of Our Politics Undermines Our Prosperity (New York: Knopf, 2007), 78.
36 Jesse Westbrook and David Scheer, aCoxas SEC Hindered Probes, Slowed Cases, Shrank Fines, GAO Says,a Bloomberg, May 6, 2009.
37 Christine Dugas, aWorkers Sue over 401k Losses,a USA Today, August 20, 2001; Albert B. Crershow, aA 401(k) Post Mortem: After Enron, Emphasis on Company Stock Draws Scrutiny,a Washington Post, December 16, 2001, H1.
38 John W. Cioffi, aBuilding Finance Capitalism: The Regulatory Politics of Corporate Governance Reform in the United States and Germany,a in Jonah Levy, ed., The State after Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 185a"229.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 CBS News, aBush and Gore Do New York,a October 18, 2000, available at http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/10/18/politics/main 242210.shtml.
Chapter 9. Democrats Climb Aboard.
1 Terry McAuliffe, What a Party! (New York: St. Martinas, 2007), 212a"18.
2 Patrick Healy, aThe Schumer Book (No, Heas Not Running for President),a New York Times, January 30, 2007, http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/01/30/the-schumer-book-no-hes-not-running-for-president/.
3 Eric Lipton and Raymond Hernandez, aA Champion of Wall Street Reaps the Benefits,a New York Times, December 14, 2008, A1. The next two paragraphs draw on this article.
4 On this ainvisible primary,a see Marty Cohen, David Karol, Hans Noel, and John Zaller, The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
5 Lipton and Hernandez, aChampion of Wall Street.a 6 Fredreka Schouten, Ken Dilanian, and Matt Kelley, aLobbyists in aFeeding Frenzy,aa USA Today, September 25, 2008.
7 Center for Responsive Politics, aFinance Sector Gave 51 Percent More to House Bailout Bankers,a Capitol Eye Blog, weblog entry posted on September 29, 2008, http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2008/09/finance-sector-gave-50-percent.html; Center for Responsive Politics, aFinance/Insurance/Real Estatea"Long-Term Contribution Trends,a http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/indus.php? ind=F.
8 Schouten, Dilanian, and Kelley, aLobbyists in aFeeding Frenzy.aa 9 Louise Story, aTop Hedge Fund Managers Do Well in a Down Year,a New York Times, March 24, 2009.
10 Lipton and Hernandez, aChampion of Wall Street.a 11 Patrick McGeehan, aWall Street Must Recover Before City Can Overcome Recession, Economists Say,a New York Times, April 14, 2010.
12 FEC figures from Paul S. Herrnson, aNational Party Organizations at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century,a in L. Sandy Maisel, The Parties Respond: Changes in American Parties and Campaigns (Boulder: Westview Press, 2002), 55, 58.
13 John Judis, aAbandoned Surgery: Business and the Failure of Health Reform,a American Prospect, March 21, 1995.
14 Paul Pierson, aThe Deficit and the Politics of Domestic Reform,a in Margaret Weir, ed., The Social Divide (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998).
15 Bob Woodward, The Agenda: Inside the Clinton White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 161.
16 Irving Kristol, aThe Battle for Reaganas Soul,a Wall Street Journal, May 16, 1980, A22.
17 Malcolm Gladwell, aGame Theory,a New Yorker, May 29, 2006.
18 Michael Lewis, Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game (New York: Norton, 2003).
19 Larry Bartels, Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008); Mark Smith, The Right Talk: How Conservatives Transformed the Great Society into the Economic Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007).