208 +Hasdrubal+ (son of Hamilcar) eludes Scipio and crosses the Pyrenees to join Hannibal Philopoemen, General of Achaean League 208-183
207 +Defeat and Death of Hasdrubal at the Metaurus (Nero)+
204 Scipio goes to Africa: blockades _Utica_ +Peace of Rome with Philip+ 205
203 +Hannibal recalled: leaves Italy+
202 Battle of _Zama_. Peace made ---------------------------------------- PART V.--FORMATION OF EMPIRE BEYOND ITALY, 200-183 B.C.
---------------------------------------- +200-196+ +Second Macedonian War+
197 Battle of _Cynoscephalae_ (+Flaminius+)
196 _Proclamation of the Freedom of Greece_
195 Hannibal takes refuge with Antiochus Cato (234-149)
200-191 War with Insubrian and Boian Gauls +Gallia Cisalpina a Roman Province+ (3) Antiochus in Greece 192
+191-190+ +War with Antiochus of Syria+
191 Battle of _Thermopylae_ (+Cato+)
190 Battle of _Magnesia_. (L. Scipio and Domitius) Hannibal with Prusias, King of Bithynia 190-183 PACUVIUS (220-132)
184 +Censorship of Cato+
183 _Deaths of Hannibal, Scipio and Philopoemen_
179 T. Sempronius Gracchus in Spain War of Antiochus and Egypt 172-168
+171-168+ +Third Macedonian War (Perseus)+
168 Battle of _Pydna_ (+Aemilius Paulus+) Judas Maccabaeus (a treaty with Rome, 161) 166-161 TERENCE (185-159) Egypt accepts the protectorate of Rome
+149-146+ +Third Punic War (Scipio Africanus Minor)+ _Destruction of Carthage_ LUCILIUS (180-103)
148-146 War with Andriscus (the pseudo-Philip) and the Achaeans.
_Destruction of Corinth_ (+Mummius+)
148 +Macedonia made a Roman Province+ (4) +Illyricum made a Roman Province+ (5)
149-140 War with +Viriathus+, the Lusitanian Hero Judaea free from Syrian control (Simon Maccabaeus) 142
143-133 +Numantine War+
133 _Destruction of Numantia_ (Scipio Africanus Minor) Accius (_c._ 170-90) +Roman Province in Spain+ (7) +Achaia made a Roman Province+ (8)
133 Attalus III bequeaths the Kingdom of Pergamum to Rome. This becomes the +Roman Province of Asia+ (9) ---------------------------------------- PART VI.--PERIOD OF CIVIL STRIFE IN ITALY, ETC. 133-44 B.C.
---------------------------------------- 133-121 Attempted reforms (_Leges Semproniae_) of the Gracchi
133 Agrarian Law of +Tiberius Gracchus+ John Hyrcanus subdues Idumea and Samaria 129 Murder of Tib. Gracchus (P. Scipio Nasica) First civil bloodshed in Rome
131 _Two plebeian Consuls_ (the first time)
129 Death of Scipio Africanus Minor (Carbo suspected)
123-2 +Tribunate of C. Gracchus+ _Roman Colony sent to Carthage_ 123
121 Death of C. Gracchus Conquest of S. Gaul. +Province of Narbonensis+ (10) +Mithridates (Pontus)+ 120-63 Afranius (_fl._ 100)
118 Death of Micipsa, King of Numidia
+111-106+ +The Jugurthine War (Metellus, Marius, Sulla)+ Conquests of Mithridates on the Black Sea 112-110
106 Jugurtha betrayed to Sulla
105 The Cimbrians defeat the Romans at _Arausio_
102 Marius defeats Teutones at _Aquae Sextiae_
101 Marius (with Catulus) defeats Cimbri at _Vercellae_
100 Marius Consul a sixth time Sulla on the Euphrates 92
91 +Tribunate of M. Livius Drusus+
91-81 +The Social or Marsic War+ +Tigranes+ (_Armenia_) 95-60
90 _Lex Iulia_, granting the _civitas_ to the Italian States not in rebellion
89 Battle of _Asculum_
+88-86+ +First Civil War (between Marius and Sulla)+ ---------------------------------------- PERIOD II.--THE GOLDEN AGE OF LATIN LITERATURE, 80 B.C.-14 A.D.
---------------------------------------- 88 Sulla occupies Rome. _First invasion of Rome by a Roman army_
87-84 +Cinnan revolution+. Marius' reign of terror
+88-84+ +First Mithridatic War. (Sulla)+
88 Massacre of Romans in Asia
86 Victory at _Chaeronea_. Sulla takes Athens Death of Marius
85 Victory at _Orchomenus_ Tigranes at war with Rome 86-85 LUCRETIUS (97-53)
84 _Peace of Dardanus with Mithridates_
+83-82+ +Second Civil War (between Marius and Sulla)+