Saiho-ji: temple in Kyoto and site of early Zen landscape garden.
Sakyamuni: the Buddha, "sage of the Sakyas."
_samurai_: Japanese warriors, who were the first converts to Zen.
Sanskrit: original language of much Buddhist literature.
_sarugaku_: theatrical form which was forerunner of the No. _sashimi_: raw fish.
_satori_: Zen term for enlightenment.
Sen no Rikyu (1521-1591): proponent of wabi aesthetics who
strongly influenced the evolution of the tea ceremony.
_seppuku_: ritual suicide.
Sesshu Toyo (1420-1506): greatest Japanese Zen painter.
Seto: site of Japanese pottery production.
Shao-lin: Chinese monastery where Bodhidharma reportedly first
went to meditate.
Shen-hsiu (606-706): traditionally said to have been rival of Hui- neng at monastery of Fifth Patriarch and later much favored by Chinese ruling circles.
_shibui_: important tenn for later Zen aesthetics which means understated, simple good taste. shin: type of ink-painting technique.
_shincha_: type of tea.
_shinden_: Heian architectural stvle borrowed from China.
Shingon: esoteric sect of Buddhism introduced into Japan by
Kukai in 808.
Shino: style of Japanese Zen-inspired ceramics.
Shinran (1173-1262): founder of the Jodo Shin sect in Japan (1224).
Shinto: original Japanese belief svstem, which preceded Buddhism.
_shite_: leading character of a No drama.
_shoin_: name of the writing desk in Ch'an monasteries, which gave
its name to the classic style of the Zen-inspired Japanese house.
_shoji_: Rice-paper-covered latticework used as windows in the traditional Japanese house.
Shubun (fl. 1414-d. ca. 1463): painter-monk at Shokoku-ji in Kyoto.
Siddharta: the Buddha, so: technique of Japanese ink painting. So'ami (1472-1525): Japanese ink painter and garden artist. Sotan (1414-1481): Zen painter at Shokoku-ji, none of whose
works are definitely known to survive.
Soto: Japanese Zen sect emphasizing "gradual" enlightenment through _zazen_.
sukiya: later style of Japanese architecture which evolved from the shoin.
sumi: Japanese black ink.
_sutra_: works supposedly reporting discourses of the Buddha or his disciples.
Taira: warrior clan instrumental in ousting Heian aristocracy and
ending Heian era.
Takauji (1305-1358): founder of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Taoism: native Chinese belief system which influenced Ch'an philosophy.
Tatami: woven straw mats used for carpeting in the traditional Japanese house.
Tendai: sect of Chinese Buddhism introduced into Japan by Saicho (806).
Tenryu-ji: important Zen temple in Kyoto and site of early Zen-
stvle landscape garden.
toko-bashira: decorative, unpainted tree trunk used in traditional
house as part of art alcove.
tokonoma: special art alcove in the Japanese house, which was
originally derived from the shrine in Chinese monasteries.
Tomi-ko: wife of Ashikaga Yoshimasa.
Toshiro: thirteenth-century potter who visited China and brought
back important Chinese ceramics technology.
_usucha_: a thin tea served as part of the tea ceremony. wabi: aesthetic term meaning a sense of deliberate poverty and naturalness.
_waka_: thirty-one-syllable Japanese verse popularized in the Heian era.
_waki_: supporting actor in the No drama.