_Vermivora pinus. Case 7, Fig. 35_
Outer tail-feathers white near the end; two white wing-bars; female duller than the male.
_Range._ Nests from Missouri and Virginia north to Minnesota and Connecticut; winters in the tropics.
Washington, rather uncommon T.V., Apl. 26-May 22; Aug. 13-Sept. 2; a few breed. Ossining, common S.R., May 4-Sept. 7. N. Ohio, common S.R., Apl.
27-Sept. 15. Glen Ellyn, irregular, possibly S.R., May 1-Sept. 15. SE. Minn., uncommon S.R., Apl. 30-Sept. 1.
In second growths, among birches, and at the border of the woods one may hear the wheezy, lazy, _swee-chee_ of the Blue-wing. I make it a rule to see the singer always with the hope that he may prove to be the rare Brewster's Warbler, which usually sings like the Blue-wing, but in color is nearer the Golden-wing, being, in fact, like the Golden-wing but with the underparts and cheeks white unmarked with black. It appears to be a hybrid between the Blue-wing and Golden-wing. (Case 7, Fig. 38.)
A much rarer supposed hybrid between these two Warblers is known as Lawrence's Warbler. It is yellow below, like the Blue-wing, but has the black throat and cheeks of the Golden-wing. Some individuals sing like the Blue-wing, others like the Golden-wing, and this is true also of Brewster's Warbler. (Case 7, Fig. 37.)
The Blue-wing nests on the ground, laying 4-5 white delicately speckled eggs the latter part of May.
GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER
_Vermivora chrysoptera. Case 7, Figs. 34, 36_
A gray bird with a yellow patch on the wings and a black or blackish breast.
_Range._ Nests from northern New Jersey and southern Iowa north to Massachusetts and central Minnesota and south in the mountains to northern Georgia; winters in the tropics.
Washington, uncommon, T.V., May 1-30; Aug. 8-21.
Ossining, rare S.R., May 8-Aug. 25. Cambridge, rather common S.R., May 12-Aug. 25. N. Ohio, rare T.V., Glen Ellyn, irregular, not common T.V., May 4-18; Aug. 16-Sept. 24. SE. Minn., common S.R., May 5-Sept. 9.
The Golden-wing's _zee-zee-zee-zee_ resembles the Blue-wing's song in tone but the syllables are all on one note. When nesting, the Golden-wing prefers second growths, and birches, but when migrating it may be found in the woods with others of its family. The nest is made on the ground, and the eggs, which resemble those of the Blue-wing, but are more heavily marked, are laid in May or early June.
NASHVILLE WARBLER
_Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla. Case 7, Fig. 33_
No wing-bars or white in the tail; adult with a partly concealed chestnut patch in the gray crown; eye-ring white. L. 4.
_Range._ Nests from northern Pennsylvania and Nebraska to Canada; winters in the tropics.
Washington, uncommon T.V., Apl. 28-May 19; Sept.
5-Oct. 2. Ossining, tolerably common T.V., May 7-27; Aug. 11-Oct. 4; may breed. Cambridge, rather common S.R., May 5-Sept. 15; abundant T.V. N.
Ohio, common T.V., Apl. 28-May 27; Sept. 1-Oct.
16. Glen Ellyn, regular T.V., Apl. 27-May 25; Aug.
20-Oct. 19. SE. Minn., common S.R., May 1-Sept.
29.
Thayer in "Warblers of North America" says that the Nashville is one of the most agile and restless of the gleaning Warblers. It prefers birches, but is found in rather open growths of other trees. Its commoner song consists of a string of six or eight or more lively rapid notes, running into a rolling twitter. It has also a flight-song.
The nest is placed on the ground; the eggs, which are laid in May or early June, are white, spotted with reddish brown.
ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER
_Vermivora celata celata. Case 7, Fig. 32_
A dusky, olive-green bird, obscurely streaked below; without wing-bars or white patches in tail.
L. 5.
_Range._ Chiefly the interior, nests from Manitoba northward; winters in Florida and the Gulf States.
Washington, casual T.V., two records, Oct.
Ossining, A.V. Cambridge, rare T.V., in fall. Oct.
5-Nov. 15. N. Ohio, rare T.V., Apl. 27-May 21.
Glen Ellyn, not common T.V., May 1-21; July 28-Oct. 7. SE. Minn., common T.V., Apl. 25-; Aug.
18-Oct. 16.
The Orange-crown is a rare fall migrant in the North Atlantic States, but common in Florida and southern Georgia in the winter. It frequents the upper branches of trees though, as with most members of its genus, it nests on the ground. Its call-note is a sharp, characteristic _chip_; its song is said to resemble that of the Chipping Sparrow.
TENNESSEE WARBLER
_Vermivora peregrina. Case 8, Fig. 64_
Adult male in spring with a grayish blue crown and white underparts; female and young bright olive-green above, yellowish below; no wing-bars.
L. 5.
_Range._ Nests from northern New England northward; winters in the tropics.
Washington, T.V., rare in May; occasionally common, Aug. 31-Nov. 30. Ossining, rare T.V., May 22-27; Aug. 22-Oct. 2. Cambridge, rare T.V., May 15-25; Sept. N. Ohio, common T.V., May 4-25; Sept.
10-Oct. 10. Glen Ellyn, common T.V., Apl. 30-June 6; July 29-Oct. 9. SE. Minn., common T.V., Apl.
30-; Sept. 30-.
A dull-colored little Warbler which we know as a rather rare migrant, associated with the traveling companies of its family on their northward and southward journeys. The song is described by Mrs. Farwell as noticeable but not musical and resembling that of the Chipping Sparrow.
NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER
_Compsothlypis americana usneae. Case 7, Fig. 39_
A small, bluish Warbler with a yellow patch on the back, a dark band on the breast, and white wing-bars. L. 4.
_Range._ Nests from Virginia and Louisiana to Canada; winters in the tropics.
Washington, T.V., but dates not distinguishable from those of _americana_. Ossining, common T.V., May 2-28; Sept. 21-Oct. 7. Cambridge, common T.V., May 1-28; Sept. 10-30. N. Ohio, not common T.V., May 1-18. Glen Ellyn, not common T.V., May 3-28; Aug. 25-Oct. 1. SE. Minn., common T. V., May 5-Sept. 9.
A common migrant, traveling with other Wood Warblers, but in summer usually restricted to swampy localities where usnea moss flourishes. Of, or rather _in_ this, it makes its nest, laying 4-5 white, brown-marked eggs the latter half of May. To describe its song as several wheezy notes running into a little trill, conveys no idea of pleasing character. It is easily recognized and, in time, acquires associations with what, to bird-lovers, is the most delightful season of the year.
The Southern Parula Warbler (_C. a. americana_) is a slightly smaller race with less black about the lores and on the breast in the male. It summers in the Southeastern States north to Virginia, and winters in the tropics. Its habits resemble those of the northern race, but it nests in the hanging, gray tillandsia or Spanish 'moss' instead of in usnea.
CAPE MAY WARBLER