Washington, irregularly common T.V., May 8-May 28; Aug. 16-Sept. 17. Ossining, rare T.V., May 19-May 31; Aug. 29. Cambridge, rare T.V., May 28-June 6; Aug.; occasional in summer.
Traill's Flycatcher (_E. t. trailli_), a slightly browner bird is the Mississippi Valley form. N.
Ohio, common S.R., May 7-Sept. 10. Glen Ellyn, quite common S.R., May 14-Sept. 19. S.E. Minn., common S.R., May 6-Aug. 10.
A rare recluse of the alders who, traveling silently between his summer and his winter homes, makes few friends among men. Dwight describes its call note as "a single _pep_," and its song as _ee-zee-e-up_, resembling that of the Acadian. The bird places the nest low down in the crotch of one of the bushes among which it lives and lays 3-4 white, brown-spotted eggs in June.
LEAST FLYCATCHER
_Empidonax minimus. Case 6, Fig. 44_
Smallest of the Flycatchers; like the Alder Flycatcher its back is olive-brown rather than olive-green; no evident yellow on the underparts.
L. 5.
_Range._ Eastern North America; nests from Iowa, Pennsylvania and New Jersey to Canada; winters in the tropics.
Washington, common T.V., Apl. 20-May 20; Aug.
13-Sept. 15. Ossining, tolerably common S.R., Apl.
25-Aug. 26. Cambridge, very common S.R., May 1-Aug. 25. N. Ohio, common T.V. Apl. 15-May 25; Aug. 25-Oct. 1; rare in summer. Glen Ellyn, not common S.R., chiefly T.V., May 4-Sept. 24. SE.
Minn., common S.R., Apl. 30-Sept. 13.
A Flycatcher of lawns and orchard, seldom going far from the tree in which its nest with its white eggs is placed. A dry-voiced little bird whose unmusical, but distinctly uttered _chebec, chebec_ makes up in character what it lacks in sweetness. Between whiles he swings out for a passing insect only to call _chebec, chebec, chebec_ when he returns to his perch.
LARKS. FAMILY ALAUDIDae
PRAIRIE HORNED LARK
_Otocoris alpestris praticola. Case 2, Fig. 42_
Note the long hind-toe nail (or the track it leaves), the little feathered 'horns,' the black patch on cheeks and breast (less evident in winter). Smaller than the Northern Horned Lark, which visits the United States only in winter, with the line over the eye white, and throat but faintly tinged with yellow. L. 7.
_Range._ Nests in the Upper Mississippi Valley from Missouri and in the Atlantic States (locally), from Connecticut northward; winters southward to Texas and Georgia. The Horned Lark (_Otocoris alpestris alpestris_), is a more northern race, nesting in the Arctic regions and migrating southward as far as Ohio and rarely Georgia, when it is often associated with the resident Prairie Horned Lark. It is larger than that race (L. 7) and has the throat and line over the eye yellow.
Washington, common W.V., Aug. 11-Apl. Cambridge, one record. N. Ohio, common P.R. Glen Ellyn, common P.R. SE. Minn., S.R., Mch.-Nov., a few in mild winters.
A bird of open places--shores, plains, and prairies, and roadways--who runs (not hops) nimbly ahead of one, or, with a short note, rises, and on its long, pointed wings, flies on ahead. He usually returns to the ground, but may alight on a fence; his long hind toe-nail not being suited to grasping a small perch. The weak, twittering song is uttered on the wing, when the bird, like its relative the Skylark, mounts into the air. It also sings from a perch near the ground.
The Prairie Horned Lark is the first of our small birds to nest, making its home on the ground and laying four finely speckled eggs early in March. After the nesting season the birds gather in flocks.
CROWS, JAYS, ETC. FAMILY CORVIDae
BLUE JAY
_Cyanocitta cristata cristata. Case 2, Fig. 20_
Color, habits and voice combine to render the Blue Jay conspicuous. L. 11.
_Range._ Eastern North America from Georgia to Quebec; migratory only at the northern limit of its range. The Florida Blue Jay (_Cyanocitta cristata florincola_, Case 4, Fig. 75) is smaller (L. 10) and grayer above. It is found throughout Florida.
Washington, rather rare P.R., common T.V., Apl.
28-May 15; Sept. 15-Oct. 15. Ossining, tolerably common P.R. Cambridge, common P.R., abundant T.V., Apl. and May; Sept. and Oct. N. Ohio, common P.R.
Glen Ellyn, common P.R. SE. Minn., common P.R.
If the Blue Jay were as good as he is beautiful he would be our most popular bird. But fine feathers do not always make fine birds, and to those who judge birds by human standards the Blue Jay's loud, harsh voice, overbearing manners, and nest-robbing habits are unpardonable.
With all his faults, however, the true bird enthusiast loves him still.
His bright colors, dashing ways and intelligence win our admiration and we feel honored when he makes his home near ours, building in early May a well-made nest in a tree-crotch, for the reception of the 4-6 olive-green, thickly speckled eggs.
FLORIDA JAY
_Aphelocoma cyanea_
Size of the Blue Jay but quite unlike it in color.
The head, wings and tail are grayish blue without white markings; the back is pale brown, the underparts dirty white, with the throat inconspicuously streaked and a faint bluish breast-band.
_Range._ Florida between lat. 27 and 30, and chiefly along the coasts.
This is the 'Scrub-Jay' of Florida and is not to be confused with the Florida Blue Jay. It lives in districts where scrub palmetto grows, but also comes into gardens and grows where it soon responds to proper treatment and becomes semi-domesticated. It nests early in April.
CANADA JAY.
_Perisoreus canadensis canadensis_
Size of the Blue Jay; a gray bird with a black crown and white forehead, cheeks and throat.
_Range._ Northern New England and northern New York, northward; resident, rarely straggling southward.
Cambridge, A.V., one record, Oct.
It is singular that the Canada Jay at the north and the Florida Jay in the south should show exceptional confidence in man, while the Blue Jay always seems to regard him with suspicion. The very day we make camp in the north woods the Canada Jay or Whiskey Jack becomes our guest. As though assured of a welcome he fearlessly joins our party, helping himself to such supplies as please his fancy. Long before our arrival, when snow still covered the ground, he has reared his family and for the rest of the year has only his own wants to fill.
RAVEN
_Corvus corax principalis_
Much larger than the Crow, the throat with long, pointed feathers, instead of short, rounded ones.
L. 24.