CHAPTER IV
[1] The nearest approach to such a philosophy of history is George Santayana's Life of Reason. The reader will find it the best book of reference for this and the following chapter. _Cf._ also, Samuel Alexander's Moral Order and Progress.
[2] Bagehot: _Op. cit._, No. VI, pp. 208-209.
[3] _Ibid._, p. 161.
[4] Nietsche: _Op. cit._, pp. 65-66.
[5] For a general ethical discussion of the function of government, _cf._ Santayana: _Reason in Society_, Chapters III-VIII.
[6] Sophocles: _Antigone_, translated by Palmer, pp. 60, 63-64.
[7] 1 Samuel, Chapter VIII.
[8] Quoted in Taine's _Philosophy of Art in Greece_, translated by J.
Durand, p. 130.
[9] Thucydides: _Peloponnesian War_, Book II, Chapters 37-40, translated by Jowett, pp. 117-119.
[10] Plato: _Republic_, Book IV, p. 433, translated by Jowett.
[11] Burke: Op. cit., p. 43.
[12] For a brief statement of the elements of political science in their application to modern institutions, _cf._ E. Jenks: _A History of Politics_.
[12] Arnold: _The Future of Liberalism_, in the volume, _Mixed Essays, Irish Essays and Others_, p. 383. _Cf._ also the admirable essay on Democracy in the same volume.
[14] Plato: _Republic_, Book I, p. 335, translated by Jowett.
[15] Wells: _Op. cit._, pp. 130-131.
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CHAPTER V
[1] A good account of the meaning of art is to be found in Santayana's _Reason in Art_, Chapters I-III.
[2] For this whole topic of the aesthetic interest, _cf._ H. R.
Marshall's _Pleasure, Pain, and Aesthetics_.
[3] For an interpretation of painting in terms of the perceptual process, _cf._ B. Berenson's _Florentine Painters of the Renaissance_, pp. 1-16; and _North Italian Painters of the Renaissance_, pp. 145-157.
[4] The best account of the emotions and instincts is to be found in James's _Principles of Psychology_, Vol. II, Chapters XXIV, XXV.
[5] Walter Pater: _The Renaissance_, p. 140.
[6] Taine: _Op. cit._, pp. 112, 114-115, and _passim_.
[7] Pater: _Op. cit._, pp. 129-130; _cf._ the chapter on _Leonardo da Vinci_, entire.
[8] Plato: _Republic_, Book III, p. 398, translated by Jowett. The whole of Books III and X are interesting in this connection.
[9] In connection with the general topic of the moral criticism of art, _cf._ Santayana's _Reason in Art_, Chapters IX-XI; also Ruskin's _Lectures on Art_, Lectures II-IV.
[10] Aristotle: _Nicomachean Ethics_, Book X.
[11] _Cf._ the _Republic_, Book X.
[12] Arthur Benson: _Beside Still Waters_, pp. 138-139. _Cf._ also pp.
143-144.
[13] Pater: _Op. cit._, pp. 249, 250; _cf._ the Conclusion, passim.
[14] James: _Op. cit._, Vol. I, pp. 125-126.
[15] _Republic_; Book X, p. 606, translated by Jowett.
[16] _Ibid._, Book III, p. 399.
[17] Aristotle: _Politics_, Book VIII, Chapter V, translated by Jowett, p. 252.
[18] Taine: _The Ideal in Art_, translated by J. Durand, pp. 42 _sq._
[19] Tolstoy: _What is Art?_ X, translated by Leo Wiener, p. 227.
[20] Arnold: _Culture and Anarchy_, pp. 37, 38. _Cf._ Chapter I, _passim_.
[21] _Republic_, Book III, p. 401, translation by Jowett.
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CHAPTER VI
[1] This chapter is reprinted from the _Harvard Theological Review_ for April, 1909.
[2] I have treated this matter more fully in my _Approach to Philosophy_, Chapters III and IV. At the close of that book the reader will find a selected bibliography of the subject.
[3] John Henry Newman: _Apologia pro Vita Sua_, p. 239. The whole book is of interest in this connection.
[4] Munro and Sellery: _Mediaeval Civilization_, p. 69.
[5] _Fragments of Xenophanes_, in Burnet's _Early Greek Philosophy_, p.
115.
[6] Lucretius: _De Rerum Natura_, Book I, lines 1021-1028, translated by Munro.