[28] A description of shoe and hand clothing may be obtained from _Shoemaking_, published by Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
[29] In Ireland the cost of producing a pound of bleached linen cloth 4 sq. yd. is 16_d._ or 32 cts.; cost of hackling a pound of flax is 1/2_d._ or 1 ct. per lb.; cost of preparing and spinning a pound of flax is 6_d._ or 12 cts. per lb.; cost of winding and weaving a pound of flax is 2-1/2_d._ or 5 cts. per lb.; cost of bleaching and finishing a pound of flax is 7_d._ or 14 cts. per lb.; $75 is spent in turning $100 worth of flax into yarn; $75 is spent in turning $100 worth of yarn into brown linen; $50 is spent in turning $100 worth of brown linen into linen for market.
[30] A linen fabric can be best told from cotton by holding it up to the light and examining the evenness of the threads. Cotton can be more easily spun level than flax, therefore threads that present considerable irregularities may be taken to be flax. In a union fabric the nap is usually cotton and the threads more regular than the filling (flax). The best linen is made from fine and fairly regular threads; common linen from coarse and irregular tow yarns. Linen is no more subject to weak places in weaving than cotton, although it is harder to bleach and may be weakened in this process. If each operation is not perfect the linen will become yellow in storage.
SOURCES OF SUPPLY
The author has found that very nearly all manufacturers are willing to supply schools with samples of their products. But the demand for samples has been so great that it is necessary in most cases to pay a small sum to cover the cost.
The following prominent firms dealing in textile supplies are named here to assist the teachers in writing for supplies.
The names of the leading textile papers are given so that teachers may obtain them. They contain a large number of names of dealers in textiles so that they may be used as reference books for supplies.
_Catalogues of Cotton Machinery_
Kitson Machine Shop, Lowell, Mass.--Cotton pickers.
Howard and Bullough, Pawtucket, R. I.--Cotton machinery.
Saco-Pettee Machine Shop, Saco, Me.--Cotton machinery.
Lowell Machine Shop, Lowell, Mass.--Cotton machinery.
Whitin Machine Works, Whitinsville, Mass.--Cotton machinery.
Mason Machine Works, Taunton, Mass.--Cotton machinery.
Draper Co., Hopedale, Mass.--Cotton machinery.
Woonsocket Machine Works, Woonsocket, R. I.--Cotton machinery.
Faler & Jencks, Pawtucket, R. I.--Cotton machinery.
Potter & Johnson, Pawtucket, R. I.--Cotton machinery.
C. E. Riley, 65 Franklin St., Boston, Mass.--Cotton machinery.
Cohoes Iron Foundry Co., Cohoes, N. Y.--Cotton machinery.
American Moistening Co., 120 Franklin St., Boston, Mass.--Humidifiers and textile machinery.
_Standard Textile Papers_
American Wool and Cotton Reporter, Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.
American Silk Journal, East 28th St., New York City, N. Y.
Textile World Record, Congress St., Boston, Mass.
Technical Education Bulletin on Illustrative and Laboratory Supplies, published by Teachers College, Columbia University, West 120th St., New York.
Fibre and Fabric, 127 Federal St., Boston, Mass.
Textile Manufacturers Journal, Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.
_Wool, Cotton, and Silk Samples_
American Woolen Co., Boston, Mass.--Booklets on _From Wool to Cloth_; samples of fabrics.
Arlington Mills, Chauncey St., Boston, Mass.--Samples of cotton and wool in different stages of manufacture; fabrics.
S. Blaisdell, Jr., Chicopee, Mass.--Egyptian and Peruvian cotton, etc.
Frank A. Tierney, 260 Broadway, New York--Ramie.
Geo. Carter, 246 Broadway, New York--Linen yarns and thread.
Boston Yarn Co., 50 State St., Boston, Mass.--Cotton yarn.
Wonalancit Co., Nashua, N. H.--Samples of cotton.
Botany Worsted Mills, Passaic, N. J.--French spun worsted yarn.
C. E. Riley, 65 Franklin St., Boston, Mass.--Yarns and fabrics.
Adirondack Wool Co., Little Falls, N. Y.--Wools and shoddies.
Sutcliffe, Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.--Foreign wools.
Francis Willey & Co., 556 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.--Top, foreign wools.
John L. Farrell, 210 Summer St., Boston, Mass.--Mohair, noils, and carpet wools.
The J. R. Montgomery Co., Windsor Locks, Conn.--Novelty yarns.
Catlin & Co., 67 Chauncey St., Boston, Mass.--Cotton yarns.
Norfolk Woolen Co., Franklin, Mass.--Shoddies.
Parker & Wilder Co., Boston, Mass.--Samples of fabrics.
Lawrence & Co., Franklin St., Boston, Mass.--Samples of fabrics.