_a._ What is the chief characteristic of the gauze weave?
_b._ Name several gauze fabrics.
_Lappet Weave_
3. Examine a piece of lace curtaining under the pick glass.
_a._ If the fancy figures were not present, of what weave would this sample be?
Simple figures are stitched into plainly woven or gauze fabrics by machinery to imitate embroidery. This style of weave is known as lappet weave.
_b._ On fabrics of what two weaves is lappet weaving used?
_c._ What is lappet weaving?
_Jacquard Weave_
4. Examine a piece of carpet. Notice the elaborate designs or patterns and the number of colors used. When the figures are elaborate they cannot be stitched in by simple lappet weaving. A special attachment called the _Jacquard_ apparatus is placed on top of the loom. This apparatus controls the warp threads so that a great many sheds may be formed and elaborate figures woven into fabrics. This is called Jacquard weaving.
_a._ What must be added to a loom for Jacquard weaving?
_b._ What is the use of the Jacquard apparatus?
_c._ When is the Jacquard weave used instead of lappet weave?
5. Read _Textiles_, page 61.
_Double Cloth Weave_
6. Examine the sample of double cloth. Notice that there are two single cloths. They are combined into one by here and there lacing the warp and filling of one cloth into the warp and filling of the other.
In this way they are fastened together securely.
_a._ What color is the sample on one side? the other?
_b._ Of what is double cloth composed?
_c._ How are the single cloths combined into one?
_d._ Read _Textiles_, page 62. What are some of the uses of double cloth?
_Classes of Weave_
7. How many classes of weave have been studied?
8. Name the classes of weave.
9. Name a fabric to illustrate each weave.
=Experiment 7--Fibers=
Apparatus: Pick glass, dissecting needle.
Materials: Samples of broadcloth, mohair, silk, cotton cloth, linen.
References: _Textiles_, pages 1; 97, Mohair; 203, Silk; 105, Cotton; 193, Linen; 199, Hemp; 201, Jute; 232, Ramie; 233, Pineapple.
_Directions_
1. Read _Textiles_, page 1, paragraph 1. What are textiles?
2. Cloth is composed of yarn. Yarn in its turn is composed of many small ends called fibers.
3. Look at the sample of broadcloth. If you did not know this to be broadcloth you would speak of it as woolen goods. Detach from the sample a filling thread and separate it into fibers. These are woolen fibers.
4. Examine the sample of mohair and separate a filling thread into fibers. This takes the name mohair from the fibers which compose it.
Mohair is obtained from the Angora goat.
5. Examine a sample of silk, also a detached filling thread. The silk fiber consists of a thread spun by the silk worm.
6. Wool, mohair, and silk fibers are obtained from the animals, the sheep, goat, and silk worm, hence they are called animal fibers.
7. Detach from the sample of cotton cloth a filling thread and separate it into fibers. These are cotton fibers and are obtained from the cotton plant.
8. Examine the sample of linen, a filling thread and its fibers. Linen is composed of fibers obtained from the flax plant.
9. Cotton and linen fibers are obtained from plants, and are called vegetable fibers. There are other vegetable fibers such as jute, hemp, ramie, pineapple, etc., but cotton and linen are the most important.
10. Name the most valuable fibers for textile use.
_Questions_
1. Of what is cloth composed?
2. Of what does yarn consist?
3. How are the fibers made to join in one long thread? (See Experiment 1.)
4. Of what fibers are woolen and worsted goods composed?
5. Of what animal is wool the covering?
6. Of what fibers is mohair composed?