=Oil, Rape.= _Syn._ COLZA OIL, BROWN O.; OLEUM RAPae, L. From the seed of _Brassica napus_ (Linn.; cole or rape), and from _Brassica campestris_ (Linn.; wild navew or rape). Glutinous; buttery at 25 Fahr. Dries slowly; makes soft soaps and good ointments, but bad plasters; smokes much in burning, unless well refined. Sp. gr. 9135 to 9136. _Prod._ 32%.
OIL, REFINED or PALE RAPE (OLEUM RAPae REFINUM, OL. R. ALBUM) is prepared from crude rape oil, by agitating it with about 2% of oil of vitriol, previously diluted with about twice its weight of water, and, after 10 or 12 days' repose, decanting the clear oil, and filtering it through Canton flannel or felt. The quality is improved by washing it with hot water or steam before filtration. Used for lamps, blacking, and machinery; also extensively employed to adulterate both almond and olive oil. It forms the common 'SWEET OIL' of the oilmen and druggists. Sp. gr. 9136 to 9140.
=Oil, Seal.= _Syn._ OLEUM PHOCae, L. From the hood seal, and harp seal, and other species of _Phocidae_. PALE SEAL OIL is that which drains from the blubber before putrefaction commences, and forms about 60% of the whole quantity of oil obtained. It is very clear, free from smell, and, when recently prepared, not unpleasant in its taste. REFINED SEAL OIL is the last, washed and filtered. Ranks close after sperm oil. BROWN or DARK SEAL OIL is that which subsequently drains from the putrid mass. It is very strong-scented and nauseous, and smokes in burning. Both are used for lamps and dressing leather. A full-grown seal yields 8 to 12 galls. of oil; a small one, 4 to 5 galls.
=Oil of Ses'amum.= _Syn._ OIL OF GINGELLY (_above_).
=Oil, Shark-liver.= The lightest of the fixed oils. Sp. gr. 865 to 867.
=Oil, Skate.= _Syn._ OLEUM RALae, L. From the livers of _Raia batis_ (Linn.), or common skate, as cod-liver oil; also from _Raia rhinobatus_, or white skate, and _Raia clavata_, or thornback. Often sold and mixed with cod-liver oil.
=Oil, Spermace'ti.= _Syn._ SPERM OIL; OLEUM CETACEI, L. From the 'head matter' of _Physeter macrocephalus_, or spermaceti whale; a species once common in all the principal seas, but now chiefly confined to the Southern Ocean. It is very limpid, smells little, and burns well; and has long been reputed the best oil for lamps and machinery, as it does not thicken by age or friction. It is frequently adulterated with refined seal oil. Sp.
gr. 875.
=Oil, Sun'flower.= _Syn._ OLEUM HELIANTHI, L. From the seeds of _Helianthus annuus_ and _H. perennis_. Clear, pale yellow, tasteless; thickens at 60 Fahr. Used for salads and lamps. Sp. gr. 9261. _Prod._ 15%.
=Oil, Teel.= See OIL, GINGELLY.
=Oil, Tobac'co-seed.= _Syn._ OLEUM TABACI (EXPRESSUM), L. From the seeds of _Nicotiana tabacum_ (Linn.), or true tobacco plant. Pale; dries well; equal to nut oil. Its production has recently been carried on with considerable success in some parts of Russia. Sp. gr. 9232.
=Oil of Touloucou'na.= See OIL, KUNDAH.
=Oil, Train.= See OIL, WHALE.
=Oil, Wal'nut.= _Syn._ OLEUM JUGLANDIS, O. NUCIS J., L. From the kernels of the nuts of _Juglans regia_ (Linn.), or common walnut tree. Soon gets rank; dries well. Used in paints, and occasionally in plasters. When 'cold drawn' and washed it is sometimes eaten with salad. Sp. gr. 9260 to 9262. _Prod._ 48% to 52%.
=Oil of Wax.= _Syn._ BUTTER OF WAX; OLEUM CERae, L. From beeswax, by quick distillation in a close vessel. Butyraceous. By rectification along with quicklime it yields a liquid oil.
=Oil, Whale.= _Syn._ TRAIN OIL, WHALE-TRAIN O.; OLEUM BALaeNae, O. CETI, L.
From the blubber of the _Balaena mysticetus_ (Linn.), or the common or Greenland whale, by heat. Coarse; stinking. SOUTHERN WHALE OIL is the best. Used for lamps, machinery, &c. Sp. gr. 9231. _Prod._ per fish, about 1-1/2 ton for each foot of bone.
=Oil of Wheat.= _Syn._ OLEUM TRITICI, L. From bruised Colne wheat, with heat. In chilblains, ringworm, and several other skin diseases.
=Oil of Wine-stones.= _Syn._ GRAPE-STONE OIL; OLEUM VITIS VINIFERae LAPIDUM, L. From the seeds of grapes, separated from the marc. Pale yellow, bland, emollient. Used for salads and lamps. Sp. gr. 9202.
_Prod._ 14% to 18%.
? The numbers given above, under 'products,' unless when otherwise stated, refer to the respective fruits, kernels, nuts, seeds, &c., deprived of their husks, pods, shells, and every other portion destitute of oil.
=OILS (Medicated).= _Syn._ OLEA COCTA, O. INFUSA, O. MEDICATA, L. These are prepared by infusion or decoction. The bruised ingredients are either simply digested in 2 to 4 times their weight of olive oil for some days, or they are gently boiled in it until they become dry and crisp, great care being taken that the heat towards the end of the process is not greater than that of boiling water. As soon as the process is complete, the oil is allowed to drain from the ingredients, which are then (if necessary) submitted to the action of the press. The product is commonly run through flannel or a hair sieve whilst still warm, after which it is allowed to repose for a week or ten days, when the clear portion is decanted from the dregs. The green or recent plants are usually employed for this purpose, but, in many cases, the dried plants, reduced to powder, and digested for 6 or 8 hours in the oil, at the heat of hot water, with frequent agitation, yield a much more valuable product. They are nearly all employed as external applications only.
? The following are the most important preparations of this class:--
=Oil of Adder's Tongue.= _Syn._ OLEUM OPHIO GLOSSI, L. From the herb, as OIL OF BELLADONNA. A popular vulnerary.
=Oil of Ants.= _Syn._ OLEUM FORMICARUM. Digest 4 oz. of ants in 16 oz. (by weight) of olive oil with a gentle heat, and strain.
=Oil of Bal'sam Apple.= _Syn._ OLEUM BALSAMINae. _Prep._ Balsam apple (deprived of seeds), 1 oz.; oil of almonds, 4 oz.; digest and strain.
=Oil of Belladon'na.= _Syn._ OLEUM BELLADONNae (P. Cod.), L. _Prep._ From the fresh leaves, bruised, 1 part; olive oil, 4 parts; digested together at a gentle heat until the moisture is evaporated; the oil is then strained off with pressure, and filtered.
=Oil of Cantha'rides.= _Syn._ OLEUM CANTHARIDIS, O. CANTHARIDIBUS, L.
_Prep._ (P. Cod. 1839). From Spanish flies (powdered), 1 part; olive oil, 8 parts; as OIL OF BELLADONNA. Stimulant and rubefacient. Used as a dressing to indolent sores, blisters, &c.; and in dropsy, rheumatism, gout, &c., OIL OF THE OIL-BEETLE (_Meloe proscarabaeus_--Linn.) is prepared in a similar manner.
=Oil of Cap'sicum.= _Syn._ OLEUM CAPSICI, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.) From powdered capsicum or Cayenne pepper, 4 oz., olive oil, 1 pint; digested together for 6 hours, with heat, and strained. Stimulant; rubefacient in colic, cholera, &c.
=Oil of Cham'omile.= _Syn._ OLEUM ANTHEMIDIS, OL. CHAMaeMELI, L. From the dried flowers (rubbed to pieces), 1 part, olive oil, 8 parts; digested together, with heat, for 6 hours. Stimulant, emollient, and vermifuge.
=Oil of Col'ocynth.= _Syn._ OLEUM COLOCYNTHIDIS, L. From the pulp, as OIL OF CHAMOMILE. Diuretic. In dropsy, neuralgia, rheumatism, worms, &c.
=Oil of Earth'worms.= _Syn._ OLEUM LUMBRICORUM. (E. Ph. 1744.) Washed earthworms, 1/2 lb.; olive oil, 1-1/2 pint; white wine, 1/2 pint. Boil gently till the wine is consumed, and press and strain.
=Oil of Elder-flowers.= _Syn._ WHITE OIL OF ELDER; OLEUM SAMBUCI ALBUM, O.
SAMBUCINUM (P. Cod.), L. _Prep._ From the flowers, as OIL OF CHAMOMILE.
Emollient and discussive.
=Oil of Elder-leaves.= _Syn._ GREEN OIL, GREEN OIL OF ELDER, OIL OF SWALLOWS; OLEUM VIRIDE, O. SAMBUCI VIRIDE, L. _Prep._ 1. Green elder leaves, 1 lb.; olive oil, 1 quart; boil gently until the leaves are crisp, press out the oil, and again heat it till it turns green.
2. As before, but by maceration, at a heat under 212 Fahr. More odorous than the last.
3. Elder leaves, 1 cwt.; linseed oil, 3 cwt.; as No. 1.
_Obs._ The last form is the one usually employed on the large scale. It is generally coloured with verdigris, 1/2 lb. to the cwt., just before putting it into the casks, and whilst still warm; as, without great skill and a very large quantity of leaves, the deep-green colour so much admired by the ignorant cannot be given to it. The oil is got from the leaves by allowing them to drain in the pan or boiler (with a cock at the bottom), kept well heated. Emollient; in great repute among the vulgar as a liniment, in a variety of affections.
=Oil of Fen'ugreek.= _Syn._ OLEUM FNUGRaeCI, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the seeds, as OIL OF CANTHARIDES or of CHAMOMILE. Emollient and resolvent.
=Oil of Fox'glove.= _Syn._ OLEUM DIGITALIS, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the fresh leaves, as OIL OF BELLADONNA. Used as an application to chronic ulcers and indurations, painful swellings &c. As usually met with, it is nearly inert.
=Oil of Garden Night'shade.= _Syn._ OLEUM SOLANI, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the leaves, as OIL OF BELLADONNA. Anodyne and discussive.
=Oil of Gar'lic.= _Syn._ OLEUM ALLII INFUSUM, L. From garlic, as OIL OF BELLADONNA. Used as a liniment in deafness, diarrha, infantile convulsions, palsy, rheumatism, &c.
=Oil, Green.= _Syn._ OLEUM VIRIDI, L. From bay leaves, origanum, rue, sea wormwood, and elder leaves, of each 2-1/2 oz.; olive oil, 1 quart; as OIL OF ELDER. Detergent, stimulant, and resolvent. Green oil of elder is now usually sold for it.
=Oil of Hem'lock.= _Syn._ OLEUM CONII, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) As OIL OF BELLADONNA. Anodyne and emollient; in painful ulcers, glandular tumours, &c.
=Oil of Hen'bane.= _Syn._ OLEUM HYOSCYAMI, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) As OIL OF BELLADONNA. Used as the last, in various painful local affections.
=Oil Iodizeo, Marshall's.= _Syn._ OLEUM IODATUM. _Prep._ Oil of almonds, 15 parts; iodine, 1 part. Triturate and digest till dissolved.
=Oil of Ju"niper (by Infusion).= _Syn._ OLEUM JUNIPERI INFUSUM, L. From the crushed berries, as OIL OF BELLADONNA. Diuretic and vulnerary; in frictions, &c.
=Oil of Lil'ies.= _Syn._ OLEUM LILIORUM, L. From white lilies, 1 lb.; olive oil, 3 lbs.; as OIL OF BELLADONNA. Emollient; used to soften and ripen tumours, indurations, &c.
=Oil of Mel'ilot.= _Syn._ OLEUM MELILOTI, L. As the last, avoiding much heat. Emollient and resolvent.
=Oil of Mu'cilages.= _Syn._ OLEUM MUCILAGINUM, O. CUM MUCILAGINIBUS, L.
_Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1746.) Marshmallow root, 1/2 lb.; linseed and fenugreek seed, of each, bruised, 3 oz.; water, 1 quart; boil 1 hour, add of olive oil, 2 quarts, and boil until the water is consumed.