=Spirit of Soot.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS FULIGINIS. An empyreumatic spirit was formerly distilled from wood soot, in the same manner as hartshorn. An alcoholic spirit is also made from 1 part of wood-soot, 5 of proof spirit, 15 of water. Distil 4 parts.
=Spirit of Soup-herbs.= As essence of soup-herbs, but substituting 1 quart of brandy or proof spirit for the rectified spirit.
=Spirit of Sweet Flag Root.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CALAMUS. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Calamus, 1 lb., troy, spirit of wine (863), 8 lbs.; macerate 4 days, and distil nearly to dryness.
=Spirit of Thyme.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS THYME. From lime, as spirit of sage.
=Spirit of Turpentine, Ethereal.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS TEREBINTHINae aeTHEREUS.
(Van Mons.) _Prep._ Spirit of nitric ether, with as much rectified oil of turpentine as it will dissolve. Rectified oil of turpentine is also termed "Ethereal Spirit of Turpentine."
=Spirit of Wine.= See ALCOHOL, and Table I, under SPIRIT.
=Spirit of Wormwood (Compound).= _Syn._ SPIRITUS ABSINTHII COMPOSITUS VEL AQUA. (Ph. L. 1720.) _Prep._ Dried wormwood, 1/2 lb.; cardamom seed, 1/2 oz.; coriander seed, 1-1/2 oz.; brandy, 1 gall. Distil.
=Spirit of Vanilla.= See ESSENCE OF VANILLA.
=SPIRITS (Medic'inal).= _Syn._ SPIRITUS MEDICINALES, L. The spirits of pharmacy are either prepared by macerating the bruised seeds, flowers, herbs, &c., in the spirit, for 2 or 3 days before distillation, and then drawing it off by a gentle heat; or extemporaneously, by adding a proper proportion of essential oil to pure spirit of the prescribed strength.[189] This latter plan is very generally adopted in the Ph. D. In the first method, when a naked fire is employed, a little water is put into the still along with the spirit, to prevent empyreuma. These spirits are principally employed as aromatics and stimulants, or as adjuvants in draughts and mixtures.
[Footnote 189: In the British Pharmacopia, for most distilled spirits is substituted a solution of 1 part of volatile oil in 49 of rectified spirit.--ED.]
The following are the principal medicinal spirits:--
=Spirit of Ammo"nia.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS AMMONIae (Ph. E.). _Prep._ 1. (Ph.
E.) Take of quicklime, 12 oz.; shake it with water, 6-1/2 fl. oz.; add of finely powdered chloride of ammonium, 3 oz.; and distil in a glass retort furnished with a tube reaching nearly to the bottom of a bottle containing rectified spirit, 2 pints, and kept well cooled. A sand heat is to be employed, and the distillation continued as long as anything passes over.
The product has a sp. gr. about 845, and should not effervesce with acids. The alkali is here in the caustic state, and in this respect it resembles the spirit of ammonia, Ph. U. S., and Dzond's caustic spirit of ammonia, Ph. Bor.
2. (Ph. L. 1836.) Chloride of ammonium, 10 oz.; carbonate of potassa, 16 oz.; rectified spirit and water, of each 3 pints; mix, and let 3 pints distil.
3. (Ph. D. 1826.) Dissolve 3-1/2 oz. of carbonate of ammonia, in rectified spirit, 3 wine pints.
_Obs._ The ammonia in the last two preparations exist in the carbonated state. They are chiefly employed to make other preparations.
4. (ANISATED SPIRIT OF AMMONIA; LIQUOR AMMONIae ANISANUS, SPIRITUS A.
A.--Ph. Bor.) Rectified spirit, 12 oz.; oil of aniseed, 3 dr.; dissolve, and add of caustic solution of ammonia (960), 3 oz.
5. (AROMATIC SPIRIT OF AMMONIA, SPIRIT OF SAL VOLATILE; SPIRITUS AMMONIae AROMATICUS--B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.)--_a._ (Ph. L.). Take of hydrochlorate of ammonia, 6 oz.; carbonate of potassa, 10 oz.; cinnamon and cloves, of each, bruised, 2-1/2 dr.; fresh lemon peel, 5 oz.; rectified spirit and water, of each 2 quarts; mix, and distil 3 quarts.
Sp. gr. 918.
_b._ (Ph. E.) Spirit of ammonia, 8 fl. oz.; oil of rosemary, 1-1/2 fl.
dr.; oil of lemon peel, 1 fl. dr.; mix.
_c._ (Ph. D.) Rectified spirit, 3 pints; oil of lemon, 1/2 fl. oz.; oil of nutmeg, 2 fl. dr.; oil of cinnamon, 1/2 fl. dr.; dissolve and add of stronger solution of ammonia, 6 fl. oz. Sp. gr, 852.
_d._ (B. P.). Carbonate of ammonia, 8 oz.; strong solution of ammonia, 4 oz.; volatile oil of nutmeg, 4 dr.; oil of lemon, 6 dr.; rectified spirit, 6 pints; water, 3 pints; distil 7 pints.--_Dose_, 20 to 60 minims in camphor water.
_Obs._ The ammonia exists in the state of neutral carbonate in the product of the _a_ formula, but in the caustic state in those of the others.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 fl. dr., in water or, any bland liquid; as a diffusible stimulant and antacid, in debility, low spirits, dyspepsia, heartburn, flatulent colic, hysteria, &c. The spirit of sal volatile of the shops is generally a spurious compound of little more than half the above strength.
6. (FETID SPIRIT OF AMMONIA; SPIRITUS AMMONIae FTIDUS--B. P., Ph. L., E., & D.), L.--_a._ (Ph. E.) Hydrochlorate of ammonia, 10 oz.; carbonate of potassa, 16 oz.; assaftida, 5 oz.; rectified spirit and water, of each 3 pints; mix well, then slowly distil 3 pints. Sp. gr. 861.
_b._ (Ph. E.) Spirit of ammonia, 10-1/2 fl. oz.; assaftida (broken small), 1/2 oz.; digest for 12 hours, then distil 10-1/2 fl. oz., by the heat of a vapour (water) bath.
_c._ (Ph. D.) Assaftida, 1-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 pint; digest for 24 hours, then distil off the whole of the spirit, and mix the product with stronger solution of ammonia, 3 fl. oz. Sp. gr. 849.
_d._ (B. P.) Strong solution of ammonia, 2; assaftida, in small pieces, 1-1/2; rectified spirit, sufficient; macerate the assaftida in 15 of the spirit for 24 hours, distil, add the distillate to the ammonia, and make up with spirit to 20.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.
_Obs._ The dose, &c., are the same as those of the last, but it is preferred for hysterical and spasmodic affections.
=Spirit, Amyl'ic.= _Syn._ Alcohol amylicum (Ph. D.), L. See FUSEL OIL.
=Spirit of An'iseed.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS ANISI (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.
L.) Oil of aniseed, 3 fl. dr.; proof spirit, 1 gall.; dissolve.
Carminative.--_Dose_, 1/2 fl. dr. to 4 fl. dr.
2. (ESSENTIA ANISI--Ph. D.) Oil of aniseed, 1 fl. oz.; rectified spirit, 9 fl. oz.; mix with agitation. Chiefly used to make aniseed water.
3. (COMPOUND SPIRIT OF ANISEED; SPIRITUS ANISI COMPOSITUS--Ph. D. 1826.) Aniseed and angelica seed, of each 1/2 lb.; proof spirit, 1 gall.; water, q. s.; distil 1 gallon. When coloured with saffron, or sap green, it closely resembles the Irish usquebaugh. (Montgomery.)--_Dose_, 1 to 4 fl.
dr.
=Spirit, Arquebusade'.= See VULNERARY SPIRIT (_below_).
=Spirit of Balm (Compound).= _Syn._ BALM WATER, CARMELITE W.; AQUA MELISSae COMPOSITA, SPIRITUS M. COMPOSITUS, L.; EAU DES CARMES, EAU DE MELISSE DES CARMES, Fr. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) Fresh flowering tops of balm, 24 oz.; fresh lemon peel, 4 oz.; cinnamon, cloves, and nutmegs, of each 2 oz.; coriander seed and dried angelica root, of each 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 8 lbs.; macerate for 8 days and distil in a water bath to dryness. The spirit is much esteemed in France as a stomachic, a cosmetic, and a stimulant.
=Spirit, Bath'ing.= Soap liniment.
=Spirit of Cam'phor.= _Syn._ CAMPHORATED SPIRIT; SPIRITUS CAMPHORae; (B.
P., Ph. L.), TINCTURA CAMPHORae, SPIRITUS CAMPHORATUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.
L.) Camphor, 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; dissolve.
2. (B. P.) Camphor, 1; rectified spirit, 9; dissolve.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims, in milk or on sugar. Used as an application to chilblains, and in chronic rheumatism, cholera, &c. See ESSENCE and TINCTURE.
=Spirit of Car'away.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CARUI (Ph. L. & E.), L. _Prep._ 1.
(Ph. L.) Oil of caraway, 2 fl. dr.; proof spirit, 1 gall.; dissolve.
2. (Ph. E.) Caraway seeds (bruised), 1/2 lb.; proof spirit, 7 pints; macerate for 2 days in a covered vessel, then add of water, 1-1/2 pint, and distil 7 pints. Aromatic and carminative.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 fl. dr. A similar spirit, "sweetened with sugar," is drunk in Germany as a dram (KuMELLIQUEUR; KuMELBRANDTWEIN).
3. (ESSENTIA CARUI--Ph. D.) Oil of caraway, 1 fl. oz.; rectified spirit, 9 fl. oz. Used to make caraway water.
=Spirit of Cas'sia.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CASSIae (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ From coarsely powdered cassia, 1 lb.; proof spirit, 7 pints; water, 1-1/2 pint, or q. s.; draw off 7 pints.--_Dose_, &c., as the last. It is almost universally substituted for spirit of cinnamon.
=Spirit of Cin'namon.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CINNAMOMI (Ph. L. & E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Oil of cinnamon, 2 fl. dr.; proof spirit, 1 gall.; dissolve.
2. (Ph. E.) From cinnamon, as spirit of cassia.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 fl. dr.
3. (ESSENTIA CINNAMOMI--Ph. D.) Oil of cinnamon, 1 fl. oz.; rectified spirit, 9 fl. oz. Used to make cinnamon water, &c.
=Spirit of E'ther.= _Syn._ SPIRIT OF SULPHURIC ETHER, SWEET SPIRIT OF VITRIOL; SPIRITUS aeTHERIS (B. P.), SPIRITUS aeTHERIS SULPHURICI (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1.--_a._ (Ph. E.) Sulphuric ether, 1 part; rectified spirit, 2 parts. Sp. gr. 809. _Obs._ This preparation should be neutral to test paper, mix (clear) with water, and, when shaken with twice its volume of concentrated solution of chloride of calcium, 28% of ether should separate.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 or 3 fl. dr.; as a stimulant and anodyne.
_b._ (B. P.) Ether, 1; rectified spirit, 2; mix.--_Dose_, 30 to 60 minims.