=Paste, Sha"ving.= _Prep._ 1. Naples soap (genuine), 4 oz.; powdered Castile soap, 2 oz.; honey, 1 oz.; essence of ambergris and oils of cassia and nutmegs, of each 5 or 6 drops.
2. White wax, spermaceti, and almond oil, of each 1/4 oz.; melt, and, whilst warm, beat in 2 squares of Windsor soap previously reduced to a paste with a little rose water.
3. White soft soap, 4 oz.; spermaceti and salad oil, of each 1/2 oz.; melt them together, and stir until nearly cold. It may be scented at will. When properly prepared, these pastes produce a good lather with either hot or cold water, which does not dry on the face. The proper method of using them is to smear a minute quantity over the beard, and then to apply the wetted shaving-brush, and not to pour water on them, as is the common practice.
=Paste, Styptic, of Gutta Percha.= _Syn._ PASTA GUTTae PERCHae STYPTICA. (Mr Beardsley.) Gutta percha, 1 oz.; Stockholm tar, 1-1/2 or 2 oz.; creosote, 1 dr.; shellac, 1 oz., or q. s. to render it sufficiently hard. To be boiled together with constant stirring, till it forms a homogeneous mass.
For alveolar haemorrhage, and as a stopping for teeth in toothache. To be softened by moulding with the fingers.
=Paste, Swediaur.= See CHILBLAIN.
=Paste, Tooth.= _Syn._ PASTA DENTIFRICIA, ELECTUARIUM DENTIFRICUM, L.
Various preparations are known under this name. They consist, for the most part, of the ordinary substances used as dentifrices, reduced to the state of a very fine powder, and mixed with sufficient honey, sugar, or capillaire, to give them the required consistence. Honey of roses is often used for this purpose, with some agreeable perfume at will. A little eau de Cologne or rectified spirit is a useful addition. The following are a few examples:--
1. (CARBON PASTE; OPIAT CARBONIQUE.) The chippings of Turkey stone, cylinder charcoal, and prepared chalk, of each 2 oz.; cochineal and cloves, of each 1 dr.; honey, 5 oz.; eau de Cologne, q. s. It should not be put into the pots until the next day, and should be afterwards well preserved from the air. Much prized by smokers, and by persons troubled with a fetid breath from rotten teeth.
2. (CORAL PASTE; OPIAT DENTIFRICE ROUGE.) From prepared coral, 8 oz.; cuttle-fish bone, 4 oz.; mastic, 2 oz.; cochineal, 1/4 oz.; honey, 3/4 lb.; essence of ambergris, 1 fl dr.; oil of cloves, 1/2 fl. dr., dissolved in rectified spirit, 1 fl. oz. As the last. Cleanse the teeth rapidly.
3. (Dyon's CHARCOAL PASTE.) From chlorate of potassa, 1 dr.; mint water, 1 fl. oz.; triturate until dissolved, then add, of powdered charcoal, 2 oz.; honey, 1 oz.
4. (MAGIC PASTE.) From white marble dust 4 oz.; pumice stone (in impalpable powder), 3 oz.; rose pink, 1 oz.; honey, 1/2 lb.; otto of roses, 15 drops. Rapidly whitens the teeth, but it should not be used too freely, nor too frequently.
5. (P. Cod.) Prepared coral, 4 oz.; bitartrate of potassa, 2 oz.; cuttle-fish bone and cochineal, of each 1 oz.; alum, 1/2 dr.; Narbonne honey, 10 oz.; with essential oil, q. s. to aromatise the mixture.
6. (Pelletier's ODONTINE.) This is stated to be a mixture of pulverised sepia-bone, butter of cacao, and honey, with essential oil.
7. (ROSE PASTE.) Coral paste scented with roses, or the following:--Cuttle-fish bone, 1 oz.; prepared chalk, 2 oz.; cochineal, 1/2 dr.; honey of roses, 3 oz.; otto of roses, 6 drops.
8. (SOLUBLE PASTE, SALINE DENTIFRICE.) From bitartrate of potassa or sulphate of potassa (in fine powder), 3 oz.; honey of roses, 2 oz.
9. (SPANISH DENTIFRICE, CASTILIAN TOOTH CREAM.) From Castile soap (in fine powder) and cuttle-fish bone, of each 2 oz.; honey of roses, 5 oz. An excellent preparation. It is superior to all the other pastes for removing tartar and animalculae from the teeth.
10. (VANILLA PASTE.) From red cinchona bark, 2 dr.; vanilla, 1 dr.; cloves, 1/2 dr. (the last two reduced to powder by trituration with); white sugar, 1 oz.; cuttle-fish bone and marble dust, of each 1/2 oz.; syrup of saffron, q. s.
11. (VIOLET PASTE.) From prepared chalk and cuttle-fish bone of each 3 oz.; powdered white sugar, 2 oz.; orris root 1 oz.; smalts, 1/4 oz.; syrup of violets, q. s. to mix.
12. (Winckler's ROSEATE DENTIFRICE.) From cuttle-fish bone, 1 part; conserve of roses (Ph. L.), 3 parts; white otto of roses, 2 drops to the oz.
13. Chalk, 8 oz.; myrrh and rhatany root, of each 2 oz.; orris root, 1 oz.; honey of roses, q. s. to mix. In foul and spongy gums.
=Paste, Tooth'ache.= See PASTE, ODONTALGIA.
=Paste, Tor'mentil.= _Syn._ PASTA TORMENTILLae, L. _Prep._ (Morin.) Powdered tormentil root made into a paste with white of egg. In whitlow; applied on linen. Mixed with an equal weight of simple syrup, it has also been recommended in dysentery and diarrha.
=Paste, Vienna.= See CAUSTIC POTASSA WITH LIME.
=Paste, Vohler's.= _Prep._ From dragon's blood, 1 dr.; powdered opium, 2 dr.; powdered gums of mastic and sandarach, of each 4 dr.; oil of rosemary, 20 drops; tincture of opium, q. s. to form a paste. In toothache.
=Paste, Ward's.= See CONFECTION OF PEPPER.
=PASTES.= _Syn._ ARTIFICIAL GEMS, FACTITIOUS G.; PIERRES PReCIEUSES ARTIFICIELLES, Fr. Vitreous compounds made in imitation of the gems and precious stones. The substances which enter into their composition, and the principles on which their successful production depends, have been already briefly noticed. The present article will, therefore, be confined to giving the reader a few original formulae, together with several others carefully selected from the most reliable English and Continental authorities. Like enamels the artificial gems have for their basis a very fusible, highly transparent and brilliant, dense glass, which is known under the name of 'frit,' 'paste,' 'strass,' 'flux,' 'fondant,' or 'Mayence base,' and which in its state of greatest excellence constitutes the 'artificial diamond.' For convenience, this will be noticed here under its last synonym. (See _below_, also Ure's 'Dictionary of Arts,' &c.)
=Amethyst.= 1. Paste or strass, 500 gr.; oxide of manganese, 3 gr.; oxide of cobalt, 24 gr.
2. (Douault-Wieland.) Strass, 4608 gr.; oxide of manganese, 36 gr.; oxide of cobalt, 2 gr.
3. (Lancon.) Strass, 9216 gr.; oxide of manganese, 15 to 24 gr.; oxide of cobalt, 1 gr.
=Aqua Marina.= From strass, 4800 gr.; glass of antimony, 30 gr.; oxide of cobalt, 1-1/2 gr. See BERYL, of which this is merely a variety.
=Aventurine.= 1. From strass, 500 gr.; scales of iron, 100 gr.; black oxide of copper, 50 gr.; fuse until the black oxide of copper is reduced to the reguline form, then allow the mass to cool very slowly, so that the minute crystals of metal may be equally diffused through it. Has a rich golden iridescence.
2. As the last, but submitting oxide of chromium for the protoxide of copper. Appears brown, filled with countless gold spangles; or, when mixed with more paste, of a greenish grey, filled with green spangles.
=Beryl.= (Douault-Wieland.) Strass, 3456 gr.; glass of antimony, 24 gr.; oxide of cobalt, 1-1/2 gr. See AQUA MARINA.
=Carbuncle.= See GARNET.
=Chrysolite.= From strass 7000 gr.; pure calcined sesquioxide of iron ('trocus martis'), 65 gr.
=Cornelian.= 1. (RED.) From strass, 7000 gr.; glass of antimony, 3500 gr.; calcined peroxide of iron, 875 gr.; binoxide of manganese, 75 gr.
2. (WHITE.) From strass, 7200 gr.; calcined bones, 250 gr.; washed yellow ochre, 65 gr.
=Diamond.= 1. From rock crystal (purest), 1600 gr.; borax, 560 gr.; carbonate of lead (pure), 3200 gr.; oxide of manganese, 1/2 to 1 gr.; powder each separately, mix them together, fuse the mixture in a clean crucible, pour the melted mass into water, separate any reduced lead, and again powder and remelt the mass.
2. Pure silica, 150 gr.; pure litharge, 250 gr.; borax and nitre, of each 50 gr.; arsenious acid, 21 gr.
3. (Douault-Wieland.)--_a._ From rock crystal, 4056 gr.; minium, 6300 gr.; potash, 2154 gr.; borax, 276 gr.; arsenic, 12 gr.
_b._ From rock crystal, 3600 gr.; ceruse of Clichy (pure carbonate of lead), 8508 gr.; potash, 1260 gr.; borax, 360 gr.
4. (Fontanier.) Pure silica, 8 oz.; salt of tartar, 24 oz.; mix, bake, cool, treat the fused mixture with dilute nitric acid until effervescence ceases, and afterwards with water as long as the washings affect litmus paper; next dry the powder, add to it of pure carbonate of lead, 12 oz.
and to every 12 oz. of the mixture add of borax, 1 oz.; triturate in a porcelain mortar, melt in a clean crucible, and pour the fused mass into cold water; dry, powder, and repeat the process a second and a third time in a clean crucible, observing to separate any revived lead. To the third frit add of nitre, 5 dr., and again melt. The product is perfectly limpid and extremely brilliant.
5. (Lancon.) Litharge, 100 gr.; pure silica, 75 gr.; white tartar or potash, 10 gr.
6. (Loysel.) Pure silica, 100 parts; red oxide of lead (minium), 150 parts; calcined potash, 30 to 35 parts; calcined borax, 10 parts; arsenious acid, 1 part. This produces a paste which has great brilliancy and refractive and dispersive powers, and also a similar specific gravity to the oriental diamond. It fuses at a moderate heat, and acquires the greatest brilliancy when remelted, and kept for 2 or 3 days in a fused state, in order to expel the superabundant alkali, and perfect the refining ('Polytech. Journ.'). The products of the above formulae are not only employed to imitate the diamond, but they also form the basis of the other factitious gems. (See _above_.)
7. (YELLOW DIAMOND.) Strass, 500 gr.; glass of antimony, 10 gr.
=Eagle Marine.= From strass, 3840 gr.; copper stain, 72 gr.; pure zaffre, 1 gr.
=Emerald.= 1. From strass, 7000 gr.; carbonate of copper, 65 gr.; glass of antimony, 7 gr.
2. Paste, 960 gr.; glass of antimony, 42 gr.; oxide of cobalt, 3-1/2 gr.
3. (Douault-Wieland) Paste, 4608 gr.; green oxide of copper, 42 gr.; oxide of chrome, 2 gr.