3. (Concentrated; INFUSUM ROSae CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Rose petals, 10 oz.; boiling distilled water, 3 pints; infuse for 2 hours, with frequent agitation, express the liquid, strain through a clean hair sieve, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 4-1/2 fl. oz.; after agitation for 5 or 6 minutes, and repose for 2 or 3 hours, decant the clear portion, and filter through paper supported on calico; next, dissolve in the liquid 1-1/4 lb.
of the finest white sugar, broken up into small lumps, but perfectly free from dust and dirt; lastly, pour the infusion into clean, stoppered, green-glass bottles, and, as much as possible, keep them from the light, and in a cool place.
_b._ Rose petals, 3-1/4 lbs.; boiling water, 2 gall.; diluted sulphuric acid, 24 fl. oz.; finest white sugar, 6-1/2 lbs.; as the last.
_c._ The same quantity of dilute sulphuric acid and cold water, as before; mix, and infuse the rose leaves in the liquid for 48 hours, then express, filter, and add the sugar. Product very fine, and keeps well without becoming gelatinous.
_Obs._ This preparation is 8 times as strong as that of the Ph. L. (2, _a_). Great care should be taken that the utensils are perfectly clean, especially the press, if one is employed; and earthenware glazed with lead should be avoided. The pressing should also be conducted as rapidly as possible, to avoid the colour being injured by the iron. Clean wrought iron does not readily injure the colour of infusion of roses before the addition of the acid. When the last formula is adopted, strong pressure of the leaves with the hands can alone be safely had recourse to. If the infusion does not filter quite clear through paper, it should be set aside for a few days, when, in general, it will be found to filter more readily and satisfactorily. Should it be wanted for immediate sale, the addition of the whites of 2 or 3 eggs, diluted with 2 or 3 ounces of water, followed by violent agitation of the liquid for a few minutes, and repose for an hour or two, will usually render it 'fine,' when it may be either decanted, or filtered should it require it. It will now pass rapidly through ordinary filtering paper, and at once run clear.
=Infusion of Rue.= _Syn._ RUE TEA; INFUSUM RUTae, L. Carminative, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and vermifuge. It is a popular and useful remedy in flatulent colic, infantile convulsions, epilepsy, hysteria, suppressed menstruation, &c.
=Infusion of Rupture-wort.= _Syn._ INFUSUM HERNIARIae. _Prep._ Rupture wood, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint.
=Infusion of Safflower.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CARTHAMI. _Prep._ Safflower, 2 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse for an hour.--_Dose._ A wine-glassful, as a diaphoretic.
=Infusion of Sage.= _Syn._ SAGE TEA; INFUSUM SALVIae, L. 1. From the leaves of common garden sage. Carminative and stomachic. In flatulence and dyspepsia, and diluted with water as a drink, to lessen the nightsweats in phthisis and fever, and to stop the secretion of milk after weaning.
2. (Compound; INFUSUM SALVIae COMPOSITUM, L.--Ellis.) Sage and boneset, of each 1/2 oz.; cascarilla, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1-1/2 pint; infuse until cold. A wine-glassful every 3 or 4 hours in hectic fever.
=Infusion of Sarsaparil'la.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SARZae, I. SARSAPARILLae (Ph. U.
S.), L. 1. From the bruised root. Dr Hancock adds 1/2 fl. dr. of hydrochloric acid to each pint of the water employed, as a menstruum, by which he says the efficacy of the infusion is greatly increased. At St.
George's Hospital a little liquorice root and solution of potassa is added for the same purpose.
2. (Compound; INFUSUM SARSAPARILLae COMPOSITUM, L.--Ph. D. 1826.) Sarsaparilla root (washed clean with a little cold water, and sliced), 1 oz.; lime water (cold), 16 fl. oz.; macerate for 12 hours, and strain.
Inferior to the simple infusion, since both earths and alkalies lessen the solvent action of water on sarsaparilla. Use of both the above, similar to that of the DECOCTION.
=Infusion of Sas'safras.= _Syn._ SASSAFRAS TEA; INFUSUM SASSAFRAS, L. From sassafras chips. Alterative, stimulant, and sudorific; a popular remedy in various cutaneous, rheumatic, scrofulous, and syphilitical affections.
Hufeland recommends the addition of a little liquorice root.
=Infusion of Sav'ine.= _Syn._ SAVINE TEA; INFUSUM SABINae, L. _Prep._ (Pereira.) Fresh savine leaves or herb, 1 dr.; boiling water, 8 fl. oz.; infuse in a covered vessel. Stimulant, emmenagogue, and vermifuge; in chlorosis, and suppressed menstruation depending on a torpid action of the uterine vessels; in chronic rheumatism, worms, &c.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls, cautiously administered.
=Infusion of Sax'ifrage.= _Syn._ SAXIFRAGE TEA; INFUSUM PIMPINELLae, L.
From the root of burnet saxifrage (_Pimpinella Saxifraga_). Astringent; in diarrha, and externally as a wash to remove freckles.
=Infusion of Scutella"ria.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SCUTELLARIae, L. _Prep._ (Dr Spalding.) Dried herb of _Scutellaria lateriflora_, in powder, 1-1/2 teaspoonful; boiling water, 1 pint. By teacupfuls, thrice daily, to prevent hydrophobia.
=Infusion of Sen'ega.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF RATTLE-SNAKE ROOT, SENEKA TEA; INFUSUM SENEGae (B. P., Ph. E.), I. POLYGALae (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B.
P.) Senega, bruised, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 20 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.
2. (Ph. E.) Senega snake-root (bruised), 10 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for 4 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.
3. (Ph. D.) Polygala root, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz. Stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic, either alone or combined with ammonia; in catarrhs, &c. See DECOCTION, EXTRACT, &c.
=Infusion of Sen'na.= _Syn._ SENNA TEA; INFUSUM SENNae (B. P., Ph. E.), I.
SENNae COMPOSITUM (Ph. L. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Senna, 1 oz.; ginger, sliced, 30 gr.; boiled distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.
2. (Ph. L.) Senna, 15 dr.; ginger (bruised), 4 scruples; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.
3. (Ph. E.) Senna, 1-1/2 oz.; ginger, 4 scrup.; boiling water, 1 pint.
(See No. 9, _below_.)
4. (Ph. D.) Senna, 1/2 oz.; ginger, 1/2 dr.; boiling water, 1/2 pint.
Purgative.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 wine-glassfuls. It is usually given in doses of 1 to 1-1/2 fl. oz., combined with 3 to 6 dr. of Epsom salts, or other saline purgative, under the name of 'BLACK DRAUGHT,'
_Obs._ This infusion is very apt to spoil in warm weather, to prevent which Mr Squire recommends the addition of 1 gr. of nitrate of potassa to each ounce.
5. (Concentrated; INFUSUM SENNae CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Senna, 2 lbs. 1 oz.; tepid water, 1 quart, macerate for 12 hours, frequently stirring with a stick, and express the liquor; to the 'marc,' add of tepid water 1-1/4 pint, repeat the maceration for 3 hours, and again express the liquor with powerful pressure; mix the infusions, and after 2 hours' repose decant the clear portion, and evaporate it as rapidly as possible, by steam or a chloride of sodium bath, until it measures 1-1/2 pint; pour this into a strong bottle, and when nearly cold, add of rectified spirit, 1/2 pint; bruised ginger, 3-1/2 oz.; macerate a week with frequent agitation, and after repose for a few days decant the clear portion, and add dilute spirit (1 to 4), q. s. to make the whole measure exactly a quart.
_b._ Take 8 times the quantity of senna and ginger ordered in the Ph. L., put them into a displacement apparatus, either alone or mixed with clean washed sand, and transmit water, mixed with 1/4th part of rectified spirit, through the mass, until the proper quantity of infusion is obtained.
_c._ (Wholesale.) Alexandrian senna (best), 7 lbs.; unbleached Jamaica ginger (finest, bruised), 3 lbs.; rectified spirit and water, of each 1 gall.; macerate for 14 days, press out the fluid, filter, and set it aside in a well-corked bottle; then take of good East India senna, 25 lbs.; and the 'pressings' or 'marc' from the tincture, and macerate in the least possible quantity (10 or 12 galls.) of cold distilled water, for 12 or 14 hours, employing frequent agitation with a wooden spatula; next press out the liquid, and again macerate the 'marc' in cold distilled water (5 or 6 galls.) for 2 hours; press, mix the two liquors, strain, heat gradually to the boiling point, carefully separate the coagulated albumen and afterwards evaporate as quickly as possible to exactly 9 quarts; put the liquid at once into a vessel capable of holding 5 gallons, bung close to exclude the air, and when nearly cold add the 'tincture' obtained from the Alexandrian senna and the ginger; the whole must now be well agitated together, and allowed to stand for a week, when the clear portion must be carefully decanted into bottles (Winchester quarts) for sale.
_d._ As the last, but employing hot water, and limiting the period of the infusions to 2 hours and 1 hour.
_Obs._ The preceding formulae are at present employed in the wholesale trade, by nearly all those houses that are most noted for the superior quality of their 'CONCENTRATED INFUSIONS,' The products of the whole are excellent. That from _c_ is very beautiful, and contains all the valuable active matter that it is possible to extract from the ingredients, under the circumstances. It also keeps well. The last one, like all preparations of senna made with hot water, is apt to drop a large deposit on standing, from which the last portion of the infusion is obtained with difficulty.
They each furnish a liquid, of which 1 fl. dr. added to 7 fl. dr. of pure water forms 1 fl. oz. of a preparation precisely similar in medicinal qualities to the INFUSUM SENNae COMP.--Ph. L.
From the extreme bulkiness of senna, it has become a practice with certain unprincipled druggists to employ only 1/3 or 1/4 of the proper quantity of that drug, and to add burnt sugar or treacle to bring up the consistence and colour, and alkaline solution of gamboge to impart the necessary purgative quality. CONCENTRATED INFUSION OF SENNA, as generally met with, is nearly worthless. This arises from either the employment of inferior senna, or the destruction of its active principle, by the lengthened exposure to heat and atmospheric oxygen during its manufacture.
6. (With COFFEE; INFUSUM SENNae CUM CAFFEa, L.)--_a._ (Foy.) Senna, 2 dr.; roasted coffee (ground), 1 dr.; boiling water and hot milk, of each 3 fl.
oz.; infuse for 12 hours (4?), and strain. For an adult; to be taken in the morning fasting.
_b._ (Guersand and Blake.) Senna, 10 to 30 gr. (according to age); hot coffee and hot milk at will; infuse, and when cold strain, and sweeten it with sugar, q. s. As a purge for children.
7. (With LEMON JUICE; INFUSUM SENNae) LIMONIATUM, L.) From senna, 1-1/2 oz.; fresh lemon peel, 1 oz.; lemon juice, 1 fl. oz.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse.
8. (With RHUBARB; INFUSUM SENNae ET RHEI, L.--Ellis.) Senna, 6 dr.; manna, 1 oz.; rhubarb and cardamoms, of each (bruised), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 1 hour and strain.
9. (With TAMARINDS; INFUSUM SENNae COMPOSITUM--Ph. E., SENNae CUM TAMARINDIS, L.--Ph. E.) Senna, 3 dr.; tamarinds, 1 oz.; coriander seeds, 1 dr.; sugar, 1/2 oz. (if brown, 1 oz.); boiling water, 8 fl. oz.; infuse for four hours, with agitation, and then strain through calico. Pleasanter than the ordinary infusion of senna.
10. (With TARTAR; INFUSUM SENNae TARTARIZATUM, L.) From senna, 1-1/2 oz.; coriander seeds, 4 dr.; cream of tartar, 2 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.
=Infusion of Ser'pentary.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SERPENTARIae (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Serpentary, bruised, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse 2 hours, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.
2. (Ph. L.) Serpentary or Virginian snake-root, 1/2 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 4 hours in a closed vessel, and strain. The form of the Ph. E. is similar. As a stimulating expectorant and diaphoretic; in chronic catarrhs, low fevers, agues, &c.
3. (Compound; INFUSUM SERPENTARIae COMPOSITUM, L.--Guy's Hosp.) Virginian snake-root and contrayerva, of each 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate 2 hours, strain; and when cold add of tincture of serpentary 2 fl. oz. As the last.
=Infusion of Simaru'ba.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SIMARUBae (B. P., Ph. E. & D.), L.
_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Simaruba, bruised, 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 2 hours, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.
2. (Ph. E. & Ph. L., 1836.) Bark of the bitter simaruba or mountain damson, 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate 2 hours, and strain.
3. (Ph. D.) Simaruba bark, 2 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz. Tonic, and, in large doses, emetic; in chronic diarrha and dysentery, either alone or combined with opium; and in agues, dyspepsia, &c.
4. (Compound; INFUSUM SIMARUBae COMPOSITUM, L.--Foy.) Simaruba bark and wormwood, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for 15 minutes, strain, and add of syrup of gentian, 1 fl. oz. In agues and dyspepsia.
=Infusion of Slip'pery Elm.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ULMI (Ph. U. S.), I. U. FULVae, L. _Prep._ (Ph. U. S.) Inner bark of slippery elm (_Ulmus fulva_), 1 oz.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse for 2 hours, and strain. Demulcent.
=Infusion of Soap-wort.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SAPONARIae, L. From soap-wort root (_Saponaria officinalis_). Aperient and demulcent; also reputed alterative and antisyphilitic.