3. (Van Mons.) Arsenious acid, 6 dr.; dragon's blood, 2 dr.; animal charcoal, 1-1/2 dr.; cinnabar, 3 oz.
4. (Ratier.) Arsenious acid, 1 part; kino, 8 parts; cinnabar, 16 parts.
The ingredients of the last three must be separately reduced to fine powder, and then carefully mixed. They are favourite applications on the Continent, in cases of cancer, cancerous sores, obstinate lepra, &c. They are either dusted over the part, or are made into a paste with mucilage or the saliva, and applied like an ointment on a piece of rag or lint; due caution being observed, and the effects watched. The last is much used in the French hospitals.
=Caustic, Canquoin's.= See ZINC CAUSTIC.
=Caustic, Canthar'ides.= _Syn._ CAUSTICUM CANTHAR'IDIS, L. _Prep._ 1.
Powdered cantharides made into a paste with concentrated acetic acid.
2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Tannin, 1 oz.; cantharides (powdered), 2 oz.; strong acetic acid, 8 oz.; digest a week, and strain. Blisters.
=Caustic, Common.= See POTASSA (HYDRATE OF), and CAUSTIC OF POTASSA WITH LIME.
CAUSTIC, DUVILLE'S. _Prep._ 1. Aloes, 5 oz.; proof spirit, 10 oz.; oil of vitriol, 6 oz.; mix.
2. Aloes (in powder), 2-1/2 oz.; rum, 1/4 pint; mix, and the next day add, oil of vitriol, 1 oz. A favourite caustic in veterinary practice; especially in foot-rot.
=Caustic, Filho's.= _Prep._ From caustic potassa, 2 parts; quick-lime (in powder), 1 part; melt together in a ladle, mix well, and pour it into small leaden tubes, the size of a large swan-quill. When cold, coat each piece with melted beeswax, to exclude the air. Used as a strong caustic in veterinary practice. It is applied like nitrate of silver.
=Caustic, Golden.= _Syn._ CAUSTIC OF CHLORIDE OF GOLD; CAUSTICUM AUR'EUM, C. AUR"II CHLOR'IDI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Recamier.) Terchloride of gold, 6 gr.; nitro-hydrochloric acid, 1 oz.; dissolve.
2. (Legrand.) As the last, but using nitric acid. Both are recommended as caustics in syphilitic, scrofulous, and scorbutic ulcers, cancerous growths, &c.; applied by means of a dossil of lint.
=Caustic, Gondret's.= _Syn._ GONDRET'S AMMONI'ACAL CAUSTIC; POMMADE DE GONDRET, Fr.; CAUSTICUM AMMONIACA'LE, L. _Prep._ 1. See OINTMENT, AMMONIACAL.
2. (Original formula.) Almond oil, 2 dr.; suet, 4 dr.; lard, 6 dr.; melt together in a wide-mouthed bottle, cool a little, add solution of ammonia, 12 dr.; and agitate until cold. A powerful rubefacient and counter-irritant; used to produce an immediate revulsion. If covered with a compress, it raises a blister in 4 or 5 minutes.
=Caustic, I'odine.= _Syn._ CAUSTICUM IODIN'II, L. _Prep._ (Lugol.) Iodine and iodide of potassium, of each 1 part; water 2 parts; dissolve. Used in similar cases to iodine paint, and to scrofulous growths and ulcers.
=Caustic, Lu"nar.= _Syn._ LA'PIS INFERNA'LIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Nitrate of silver fused and formed into sticks by pouring it into moulds.
2. (E. R. Squibb.) Nitrate of silver fused with a small quantity of chloride of iron, and formed into sticks or points. The chloride of iron gives toughness to the caustic.
=Caustic, Mercu"rial.= _Syn._ CAUSTIC OF NITRATE OF MERCURY; CAUSTICUM AC'IDI HYDRAR"GYRI NITRA'TIS, C. H. DEUTRONITRATIS, L. From mercury, 1 part; commercial nitric acid, 2 parts; dissolve.
2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Mercury, 1 part; nitric acid (sp. gr. 15), 2 parts.
3. (P. C.) As No. 1, but evaporating the solution to 3/4ths its weight.
These liquids are applied with a pencil or lint, in scrofulous and syphilitic ulcers and eruptions, and in lupus, psoriasis, lepra, and other obstinate skin diseases; but their use requires great care.
4. (With arsenic.--Cutan. Hosp.) Mercury, 1/2 oz.; nitric acid, 1/2 oz.; arsenious acid, 1/2 dr.; as before.
=Caustic, Ni'tric.= _Syn._ SOLID'IFIED NITRIC ACID; CAUSTICUM NI'TRICUM, L. _Prep._ (Dr Rivallie.) Concentrated nitric acid is gradually dropped on a piece of lint, placed in a saucer or glass; as soon as the lint is gelatinised, it is pressed into a suitable shape with a glass rod, and applied to the part; it must be removed in 15 minutes. In cancerous tumours, fungoid growths, &c.
=Caustic, O"piated.= _Syn._ CAUSTICUM OPIA'TUM, L. _Prep._ 1. Common caustic (potassa with lime), 4 dr.; powdered opium, 1 dr.; soft soap, q.
s. to make a paste. Applied to fungous ulcers.
=Caustic, Plunket's.= Upright crowfoot and lesser spear-wort, of each 1 oz.; sulphur, 5 scrup.; white arsenic (in very fine powder), 1 dr.; beat to a smooth paste, form it into balls, and dry them in the sun. In cancer; a portion of one of the balls is reduced to powder, which is mixed up with yelk of eggs, and applied on a piece of bladder.
=Caustic of Potassa with Lime.= _Syn._ VIENNA PASTE. Rub together equal parts of hydrate of potash and quick-lime, and keep the powder in a well-stoppered bottle.
=Caustic, Poten'tial.= Fused caustic potassa.
=Caustic, Recamier's.= See CAUSTIC, GOLDEN.
=Caustic, Sulphu"ric.= _Syn._ CAUSTICUM SULPHU"RICUM, C. AC'IDI SULPHU"RICI, L. _Prep._ 1. Plaster of Paris made into a paste with oil of vitriol.
2. Saffron, lint, or unsized paper, soaked in oil of vitriol, and triturated to a plastic mass.
=Caustic, Zinc.= _Syn._ CAUSTIC OF CHLORIDE OF ZINC, DR CANQUOIN'S CANCER CAUSTIC; CAUSTICUM ZINC'I, C. Z. CHLORID'I, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Canquoin.)--_a._ From chloride of zinc, 1 dr.; flour, 2 dr.; made into a stiff paste with water, q. s.
_b._ From chloride of zinc, 1 dr.; flour, 3 dr.; water, q. s.; as the last.
_c._ From chloride of zinc, 1 dr.; flour, 4 dr.; water, q. s.; as before.
_d._ From chloride of zinc, 2 dr.; chloride of antimony, 1 dr.; flour, 5 dr.; as before.
Powdered opium may be mixed with either of the preceding to mitigate the pain.
2. (Alex. Ure.) As above, but substituting plaster of Paris for the flour there ordered.
_Uses, &c._ As a caustic in cancer, lupus, skin-marks (_naevi_), &c. It is formed into small cakes or wafers not exceeding 1 or 2 lines in thickness, one of which is applied to the part, and allowed to remain on from 6 to 12 hours, when it is removed, and the part covered with a poultice. It produces an eschar, often exceeding a quarter of an inch in depth. The chlorides must be in the form of powder, and well mixed with the flour previously to adding the water. The last (No. 1, _d_) is recommended in nodulated cancerous tumours.
=CAUS'TICS (Ve'terinary).= In _veterinary practice_, any of the substances enumerated in the forgoing list may be employed; but nitric acid, sulphuric acid, carbolic acid, chloride of zinc, and nitrate of silver, are those most commonly used. See VETERINARY MEDICINES.
=CAV'IARE.= _Syn._ CAV'IAR, CAV'IALE. The salted roe of several species of sturgeon. It is much esteemed by the Russians, as well as by some other nations of northern Europe, and is occasionally eaten as a delicacy in this country. It is, however, very oily, indigestible, and unwholesome.
=CAYENNE'.= See CAPSICUM, PEPPERS.
=CEDAR-WOOD (Oil of).= See OILS.
=Cedar-Wood (Tincture of).= See TINCTURES.
=CE'DRAT.= See LIQUEURS.
=CE'DRENE= and =CE'DROLA=. The oil of cedar-wood, by careful distillation, is separable into two substances--a solid crystalline compound (_cedrola_), and a volatile liquid hydrocarbon (_cedrene_). The first may be converted into the other by distillation with phosphoric anhydride.
=CELLULARES.= In _botany_, a name given to cryptogams, or flowerless plants, upon the supposition that they consist entirely of cells.
=CEL'LULOSE.= See LIGNIN.
=CEMENT'.= _Syn._ CEMENT'TUM, L. Any substance which, when applied to the surfaces of other bodies, causes them to adhere together when placed in contact. Those referred to below are amongst the most useful preparations of this class. The term cement is also applied by builders and architects to several species of mortars and like compositions employed either to unite stones and bricks into masses, or as a protective covering against the weather or water, or to make statues, cornices, and similar ornamental articles.
In general the thinner the stratum of interposed cement, the stronger is the junction of the surfaces operated on. This caution is necessary, as in their anxiety to unite broken articles persons generally defeat themselves by spreading the cement too thickly on the edges of the fracture; whereas the least possible quantity should be used, so as to bring the edges as close as possible together.
=Cement, Al'abaster.= 1. Prom plaster of Paris (in fine powder), made into a cream with water, and at once applied.
2. Yellow resin, 2 parts; melt and stir in plaster of Paris, 1 part.