"Where now the hermit gum-tree stands on the plain's heart."
1864. J. S. Moore, `Spring Life Lyrics,' p. 114:
"Amid grand old gums, dark cedars and pines."
1873. A.Trollope, `Australia and New Zealand,' c. xiii. p. 209:
"The eternal gum-tree has become to me an Australian crest, giving evidence of Australian ugliness. The gum-tree is ubiquitous, and is not the loveliest, though neither is it by any means the ugliest, of trees."
1877. F. v. Muller, `Botanic Teachings,' p. 7:
"The vernacular name of gum-trees for the eucalypts is as unaptly given as that of most others of our native plants, on which popular appellations have been bestowed. Indeed our wattles might far more appropriately be called gum-trees than the eucalypts, because the former exude a real gum (in the chemical meaning of the word); whereas the main exudation from the stems and branches of all eucalypts hardens to a kino-like substance, contains a large proportion of a particular tannin (kino-tannic acid), and is to a great extent or entirely soluble in alcohol, thus very different from genuine gum."
1884. R. L. A. Davies, `Poems and Literary Remains,' p. 176:
"Golden, 'mid a sunlit forest, Stood the grand Titanic forms Of the conquerors of storms; Stood the gums, as if inspired, Every branch and leaflet fired With the glory of the sun, In golden robes attired, A grand priesthood of the sun."
1889. P. Beveridge, `Aborigines of Victoria and Riverina,'
p. 61:
"Nearly all the eucalyptus species exude gum, which the natives utilise in the fabrication of their various weapons as Europeans do glue. The myall and mimosa also exude gum; these the natives prefer before all other kinds when obtainable, they being less brittle and more adhesive than any of the others."
i891. `Guide to Zoological Gardens, Melbourne':
"This is an exact representation of the camps which were scattered over the country not more than fifty years ago, and inhabited by the original lords of the soil. The beautiful she-oak and red-gum forest that used to clothe the slopes of Royal Park was a very favourite camping-ground of theirs, as the gum-tree was their most regular source of food supply. The hollows of this tree contained the sleek and sleepy opossum, waiting to be dragged forth to the light of day and despatched by a blow on the head. It was to the honey-laden blossoms of this tree that the noisy cockatoos and parrots used to flock.
Let the kangaroo be wary and waterfowl shy, but whilst he had his beloved gum-tree, little cared the light-hearted black."
1892. `The Times,' [Reprint] `Letters from Queensland,' p. 2:
"The immense extent of gum-trees stretches indefinitely, blotting out the conception of anything but its own lightly-timbered pasture. It has not even the gloom and impressiveness which we associate in England with the name of forest land, for the trees are thinly scattered, their long leaves hang vertically from the branches, and sunlight filters through with sufficient force to promote the growth of the tussocked grass beneath. The whole would be indescribably commonplace, but that the vastness becomes at last by its own force impressive."
The following quotations illustrate special uses of the word in composition.
Apple Gum--
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 283:
"On the small flats the apple-gum grew."
Ibid. c. viii. p. 264:
"Another Eucalyptus with a scaly butt ... but with smooth upper trunk and cordate ovate leaves, which was also new to me; we called it the Apple-gum."
Blue Gum--
1802. D.Collins, `Account of New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 235:
"The blue gum, she-oak, and cherry-tree of Port Jackson were common here."
1832. J. Bischoff, `Van Diemen's Land,' p. 22:
"The Blue Gum is found in greater abundance; it is a loose-grained heavy wood."
1851. James Mitchell, `Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land,' p. 125:
"The name blue gum appears to have been derived from the bluish gray colour of the whole plant in the earliest stages of its growth, which is occasioned by a covering of dust or bloom similar to that upon the sloe or damson."
1884. R. L. A. Davies, `Poems and Literary Remains,' p. 199:
"I love to see the blue gums stand Majestically tall; The giants of our southern woods, The loftiest of all."
Black-butted Gum--
1833. C. Sturt, `Southern Australia,' vol. II. c. viii. p. 236:
"One species ... resembling strongly the black-butted gum."
Cable Gum--
1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discoveries in Australia,' vol. II. c. iv.
p. 132:
"Cable-gum ... like several stems twisted together, abundant in interior."
Cider Gum (or Cider Tree)--
1830. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 119:
"That species of eucalyptus called the cider tree, from its exuding a quantity of saccharine liquid resembling molasses. Streaks of it were to be seen dripping down the bark in various parts, which we tasted, and found very palatable.
The natives have a method at the proper season of grinding holes in the tree, from which the sweet juice flows plentifully, and is collected in a hole at the root. We saw some of these covered up with a flat stone, doubtless to prevent the wild animals from coming to drink it. When allowed to remain some time, and to ferment, it settles into a coarse sort of wine or cider, rather intoxicating."
Cinnamon Gum--
1893. `Sydney Morning Herald,' Aug. 19, p. 7, col. 1:
"A forest only fit for urban gnomes these twisted trunks. Here are no straight and lofty trees, but sprawling cinnamon gums, their skin an unpleasing livid red, pock-marked; saplings in white and chilly grey, bleeding gum in ruddy stains, and fire-black boles and stumps to throw the greenery into bright relief."
Drooping Gum--
1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discoveries in Australia,' vol. II. c. xii.
p. 387:
"The trees, which grew only in the valleys, were small kinds of banksia, wattles and drooping gums."
Flooded Gum--
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 7:
"Large flooded gum-trees (but no casuarinas) at the low banks of the lagoons."