=Esdraelon= ('God has sown'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. Plain frequently occurring in biblical history, notably at the time of Barak's defeat of Sisera, Gideon's victory over Midianites, and Philistines over Saul, also in the time of Ahab.
=Eskishehr=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 30E. Contains several tombs of Mohammedan saints. Near the city Godfrey of Bouillon defeated Soliman.
=Etchmiadsin=, Transcaucasia. 40N. 44E. Ecclesiastical capital of Armenia, with famous monastery. Taken by Russians during Russo-Persian war, 1827; ceded to Russians, 1828.
=Euphrates=, Asiatic Turkey. 30N. 48E. Most important river of the world.
One of the four rivers of Eden; on its banks Nimrod f. the Babylonian empire, and the Old Testament patriarchs dwelt.
=Eurymedon=, Asia Minor. 37N. 31E. River at whose mouth Persians were defeated by Cimon, 466 B.C.
=Everest=, Mount, Nepal. 28N. 87E. Highest known peak in the world, the altitude of which was discovered by Sir George Everest, 1841; named in his honour by Sir Andrew Waugh, 1856.
=Falta=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. Scene of British retreat after capture of Calcutta, 1756.
=Famagousta=, Cyprus. 35N. 34E. F. by Ptolemy Philadelphus. Taken by Richard Coeur de Lion, 1191; Guy de Lusignan crowned here. Captured by Genoese, 1376; yielded to Turks, 1571.
=Fatehgarh=, United Provs. 27N. 80E. F. by Nawab Mohammed Khan, c. 1714; stormed by Mahrattas, 1751; Lord Lake defeated Holkar, 1804.
=Ferozeshah=, Punjab. 31N. 75E. Sir Hugh Gough and Sir Henry Hardinge defeated Sikhs, 1845. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
=Firospur= ('city of Firuz'), Punjab. 28N. 77E. Battle fought between Sikhs and British, which gave Punjab to Britain, 1845.
=Formosa= ('beautiful'), China. 24N. 121E. Portuguese landed, 1590. Dutch f. Fort Zelandia, 1624; withdrew, 1662. Attached to China, 1683; opened to foreigners, 1858; Anping and Zelandia occupied by British, 1868, but restored to China; island invaded by Japanese, 1874; captured by French, 1884; ceded by China to Japan, 1895. (See Diosy's 'New Far East,'
Little's 'Far East.')
=Fort St. David=, Madras. 12N. 80E. F. by Hindu, Chinnia Chetti; purchased by British, 1690; Clive became its governor, 1756; captured by French under Lally, 1758; given up, 1760; recaptured, 1782; restored to British, 1785.
=Fu-chau= ('happy region'), China. 26N. 119E. The walled capital of Fu-kien. Open to foreign trade, 1842; contains an arsenal constructed by two Frenchmen, 1867; bombarded by French, 1884.
=Fuji Yama=, Japan. 35N. 139E. Supposed to have sprung up in a single night, 285 B.C. Highest mountain in Japan, held in religious veneration, famous in legend, poetry, and art. It is volcanic, the last outbreak taking place in 1707. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.')
=Fulia=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Bp. of Krittibas, translator into Bengali of 'Ramayana.'
=Furruckabad= ('happy abode'), Bengal. 25N. 88E. Lord Lake defeated Mahratta Holkar, 1805.
=Futtehghur=, Rajputana. 26N. 75E. Nearly entire European inhabitants massacred, 1857.
=Futtipur-Sikri= ('city of victory'), United Provs. 27N. 78E. F. by Akbar, 1570. Res. and burial-place of Saint Salim Chishti. (See Mrs. F. A.
Steel's 'Prince of Dreamers.')
=Fyzabad=, Afghanistan. 37N. 70E. Destroyed by Murad Beg, 1829; rebuilt by Faiz Muhammed Khan, 1865.
=Galle=, Ceylon. 6N. 80E. F. by Portuguese, 1518; taken by Dutch, 1642; by British, 1796.
=Galna=, Bombay. 21N. 75E. Pillaged by Sivaji, 1679; captured by Aurungzebe, 1705; by Colonel Wallace, 1804.
=Gamala=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. Unsuccessfully besieged by Agrippa; captured by Vespasian in Jewish war, 66-70.
=Gaur=, Bengal. 25N. 88E. Ancient capital of Bengal. Seized by Mohammedans, 1204; embellished by Akbar, 1575. (See Burton's 'Vikram and the Vampire,' 7th story.)
=Gaya=, Bengal. 25N. 85E. Sacred city of the Buddhists, being the bp. of Buddha.
=Gaza=, Palestine. 32N. 34E. City from which Samson is said to have taken the gates. Burnt by Syrian king, Alexander Jannaeus, 96 B.C.; captured by Omar, 634; occupied by Templars, 1152; taken by Saladin, 1187. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')
=Gerasa=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Taken by Alexander Jannaeus, 83 B.C.; rebuilt by Romans, 65 B.C.
=Gethsemane=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Scene of Christ's vigil on the eve of his crucifixion. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient.')
=Ghaziabad=, United Provs. 29N. 77E. F. by Ghazi-ud-din, 1740. Suraj Mal killed by Rohillas, 1763.
=Ghazipur=, United Provs. 26N. 84E. Capital of district of Ghazipur; contains many magnificent ruins. Lord Cornwallis died here, 1805. (See Kipling's 'In an Opium Factory.')
=Ghazni=, Afghanistan. 34N. 68E. Seized by Nadir Shah, 1738; by Lord Keane, 1839; by General Nutt, 1842. Contains tomb of Mahmud of Ghazni, 1030.
=Gheriah=, Bombay. 17N. 73E. Bombarded by British fleet under Admiral Watson, and captured by Clive, 1756; British possession, 1818.
=Ghodbandar=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Mahrattas unsuccessfully stormed town, 1672; captured from Portuguese, 1737.
=Ghoraghat=, Bengal. 25N. 89E. Mentioned in the 'Mahabharata' as place of refuge of Virat Rajah.
=Gibeah=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Res. of King Saul, and alleged to be his birthplace.
=Gibeon=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Famous in Old Testament history, especially for Joshua's defence of the city against the Amorites.
=Gilboa=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Range of hills, on one of which King Saul and his three sons were killed in battle.
=Gingi=, Madras. 12N. 79E. Captured by Bandaullah Khan, 1638; by Sivaji, 1677; besieged for eight years by Zulfikar Khan, 1690; taken by French, 1750; by British, 1761; abandoned to Hyder Ali, 1780.
=Giria=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Celebrated for defeat of Sarfaraz Khan, 1740; and Mir Kasim, 1763.
=Giridhi=, Bengal. 24N. 86E. Centre of Karharbari coal-fields, and described in Kipling's 'Giridih Coal-Fields.'
=Goa=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Taken by Mohammedans, 1469; by Albuquerque, 1510; by British, 1807; recaptured by Portuguese, 1815. Contains tomb of St.
Francis Xavier. (See Marryat's 'Phantom Ship,' Burton's 'Goa and the Blue Mountains,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')
=Gobardanga=, Bengal. 23N. 89E. Alleged place where Krishna guarded his flocks.
=Gobardhan=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. Said to have been a favourite res. of Krishna.
=Gokana=, Punjab. 29N. 77E. Contains tomb of Saint Shah Zia-ud-din Mohammed.
=Gokarn=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Place of pilgrimage for Hindus; mentioned in 'Mahabharata' and 'Ramayana.'
=Golconda=, Haidarabad. 18N. 78E. A ruined city, f. by Rajah of Warangal; destroyed by Aurungzebe, 1687.
=Gooruncondah= ('horse-hill'), Madras. 14N. 79E. Taken by Hyder Ali, 1768; yielded to Trimbak Rao, 1771; captured by Tippoo Sahib, 1773; British possession, 1800.