=Bhanpura=, Rajputana. 25N. 76E. Res. and burial-place of Jaswant Rao Holkar.
=Bhartpur= ('city of Bhurat'), Rajputana. 27N. 78E. Unsuccessfully stormed by Lord Lake, 1805; taken by Lord Combermere, 1826. Under British administration, 1853. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
=Bhatner=, Punjab. 30N. 74E. Captured and partially destroyed by Tamerlane, 1398.
=Bhilsa=, Rajputana. 24N. 78E. Contains mosques built by Akbar, 1583; by Aurungzebe, 1682. Plundered by Altamsh, 1235; seized by Ala-ud-din, 1290.
=Bhojpur=, Bombay. 19N. 74E. Contains stones bearing ancient carvings and inscription dating from c. 200 B.C.
=Bhubaneswar=, Bengal. 20N. 86E. Sacred city of the followers of Siva; of great antiquity.
=Bhuj=, Bombay. 23N. 70E. Taken by storm by Sir William Kier, 1819.
=Bidar=, Haidarabad. 18N. 78E. Captured by Ulugh Khan, 1321; by Aurungzebe, 1656.
=Biderra=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Colonel Forde conquered Dutch under Colonel Roussel, 1759. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
=Bijanagur= ('city of triumph'), Madras. 16N. 77E. F. in 1336; destroyed by Mohammedan kings, 1564. Contains temples made of granite.
=Bijapur= ('city of victory'), Bombay. 17N. 76E. Taken by Aurungzebe, 1686; given to Rajah of Satara by British, 1818.
=Bilsa=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Remarkable Buddhist remains discovered by English travellers, 1822; contains tomb of Mussulman, Djelal-ed-din Bhokhary.
=Bimlipatam=, Madras. 18N. 83E. Captured by Mahrattas, 1754; ceded to British by Dutch, 1825.
=Bindraban=, Bengal. 26N. 88E. Krishna is supposed to have passed his childhood here, and several temples are erected in his honour.
=Birsinha=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Bp. of Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, writer of 'Sitar Banabas.'
=Bisauli=, United Provs. 28N. 79E. Res. and burial-place of Dunde Khan.
=Bithur=, United Provs. 27N. 80E. One of chief centres of worship of Brahma. Nana Sahib here defeated by Havelock during Mutiny, 1857.
=Bitlis=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 42E. Supposed to have been f. by Alexander the Great. Taken by Arabs, 648. Scene of defeat of Solyman by Persians, 1554.
=Blagovieshtchensk= ('city of the annunciation'), Siberia. 50N. 146E. F.
in 1856; capital of Amur district, 1858. Attacked unsuccessfully by Chinese, 1900. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia.')
=Boca Tigris= ('the tiger's mouth'), China. 23N. 114E. Entrance to the Canton river, containing fortified islands taken by British, 1841, 1856.
=Bodinayakkanur=, Madras. 10N. 77E. Captured by Hyder Ali, 1776.
=Bokhara= ('a church'), Turkestan. 40N. 65E. Burnt by Djenghis-Khan, 1221.
Contains 360 mosques and many colleges. Scene of youth of Zelica and Azim in Moore's 'Lalla Rookh.'
=Bombay=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Ceded to Portugal, 1530; part of marriage-portion of Catherine of Portugal, 1661; British established themselves here, 1666.
=Borsad=, Bombay. 22N. 73E. Res. of Rangoji, 1741; here made prisoner, 1748.
=Botad=, Bombay. 22N. 72E. Town near which is tomb of Pir Hamir Khan, Mussulman saint.
=Brahmakund=, Bengal. 28N. 96E. Pool which was the scene of an incident in which Parasu Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu, took part.
=Brahmapuri=, Bombay. 18N. 76E. Res. of Aurungzebe from 1695 to 1700.
=Brahmini=, Bengal. 21N. 86E. Famous as scene of wooing of Matsya Gandha, mother of alleged compiler of 'Mahabharata' and the Vedas.
=Broach=, Bombay. 22N. 73E. Captured by British, 1772; ceded to Scindia, 1783; re-captured by British, 1803.
=Brusa=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 29E. Former capital of Bithynia. F. by Prusus II., King of Bithynia. Captured by Sultan Orkhan of Turkey, 1326; plundered by Tartars, 1402; suffered from earthquakes, 1855.
=Budaun=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Supposed to have been f. c. 905. Seized by Kutb-ud-din, 1196; joined in Mutiny, 1857. Res. of Ala-ud-din.
=Buddha-Gaya=, Bengal. 25N. 85E. Formerly centre of worship of Buddha, and contains sacred pipal-tree under which Sakyamuni reached Buddhahood.
Visited by Hieun Tsiang, 635.
=Budihaul=, Madras. 14N. 76E. Captured by Hyder Ali, 1761; by Mahrattas, 1771, 1790.
=Budrum=, Asiatic Turkey. 37N. 27E. F. on site of ancient Halicarnassus.
Contains a fortress built by the knights of Rhodes, 1402. Bp. of Herodotus and Dionysius.
=Burhanpur=, Central Provs. 21N. 76E. F. by Nasir Khan, c. 1400; adorned by Akbar, 1600. Pillaged by Mahrattas, 1685; captured by Wellesley, 1803.
=Buxar=, Bengal. 26N. 84E. Mir Kasim defeated by Sir Hector Munro, 1764.
Of literary interest as res. of writers of Vedic hymns.
=Caesarea=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. F. by Herod the Great on site of Strato's Tower. Famous in biblical history as city in which St. Peter preached to Cornelius, and St. Paul was incarcerated for two years. Vespasian became emperor, 69; Eusebius was bishop, 315-318; captured by Crusaders but regained by Saladin, 1101; destroyed by Sultan Bibars, 1265. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')
=Calah=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 43E. One of ancient capitals of Assyria; f.
by Shalmaneser I., c. 1300 B.C.; rebuilt by Asurnazirpal, 880 B.C. Ruins discovered by Sir A. H. Layard, 1845.
=Calcutta=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. F. by Governor Job Charnock, 1686; Fort William established, 1696; besieged by Surajah Dowlah, Nawab of Bengal, and captives imprisoned in the 'Black Hole,' 1756; recaptured by Clive, 1757; chief seat of British government, 1773. (See Kipling's 'City of Dreadful Night.')
=Calicut=, Madras. 11N. 76E. Covilham landed here, 1486; Vasco da Gama, 1498; Captain Keeling, 1615. Don Fernando Coutinho repulsed, 1509; devastated by Hyder Ali, 1765; taken by British, 1782; by Tippoo Sahib, 1788; re-taken by British, 1790. (See Burton's 'Goa and the Blue Mountains,' also 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')
=Cambay=, Bombay. 22N. 73E. Taken by General Goddard, 1780; given to Mahrattas, 1783; ceded to British, 1803. (See Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')
=Cana=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Famous in biblical history as scene of Christ's first miracle. Bp. of his disciple Simon.
=Cannanore=, Madras. 12N. 75E. Visited by Vasco de Gama, 1498.
=Canton=, China. 23N. 113E. Bogue forts captured by British, 1841; city occupied by French and British forces, 1857. (See Little's 'Far East,'
Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')
=Capernaum= ('village of Nahum'), Palestine. 33N. 36E. City in which Christ resided, and performed many miracles; home of St. Matthew. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')
=Carchemish=, Asiatic Turkey. 37N. 38E. Captured by Tiglath-pileser I., c.