ABBREVIATIONS
F. Founded.
Res. Residence.
Bp. Birthplace.
Provs. Provinces.
=Abila=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. Traditional burial-place of Abel.
=Abohar=, Punjab. 30N. 74E. Said to have been f. by Jaura; visited by Ibn Batuta, 1332.
=Aboo=, Rajputana. 25N. 73E. Contains famous Jain temple, the Vimla Sah, f. in 1032.
=Abydos=, Asia Minor. 40N. 26E. Xerxes entered Europe, B.C. 480. Scene of story of Hero and Leander. (See Byron's 'Bride of Abydos.')
=Acre=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Taken by the Crusaders, 1104; retaken by Saladin, 1187; recovered by Richard Coeur de Lion, 1191; surrendered to Saracens, 1291; unsuccessfully besieged by Napoleon, 1799; stormed by Ibrahim Pasha, 1832; bombarded by a combined English, Austrian, and Turkish fleet, 1840. (See Scott's 'Talisman,' 'Travels of Marco Polo,'
Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')
=Adalia=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 31E. Visited by Kinglake, who gives an account of the city in 'Eothen.'
=Adam's Peak=, Ceylon. 7N. 80E. Supposed to contain tomb of Adam. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo.')
=Adas=, Bombay. 22N. 73E. Scene of Hamid Khan's victory over Rustam Ali, 1723; Mahrattas over Raghunath Rao Peshwa, 1775; British over Mahrattas, 1775.
=Aden=, Arabia. 13N. 45E. Taken from the Portuguese by Turks, 1538; annexed to British India, 1839. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' 'Travels of Marco Polo.')
=Adoni=, Madras. 16N. 77E. Seized by Sultan of Bijapur, 1568; by Aurungzebe, 1686; unsuccessfully attacked by Hyder Ali, 1779; taken by Tippoo Sahib, 1786; ceded to British, 1800.
=Agra=, United Provs. 27N. 78E. Contains palace of Shah Jehan, the Pearl Mosque, and the Taj Mahal, and was the supposed scene of incarnation of Vishnu. Capital of Mogul sovereigns, 1526-1658. Taken by British, 1803.
(See Sir Edwin Arnold's 'With Sa'di in the Garden,' Whittier's 'Miriam,'
'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')
=Ahar=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Town from which Rukmini, wife of Krishna, was said to have been taken.
=Ahmadabad= ('the abode of Ahmed'), Bombay. 23N. 73E. F. in 1412. Ancient Mohammedan capital, famed for architectural relics. Taken by British, 1818.
=Ahmadnagar=, Bombay. 19N. 75E. F. by Ahmed Nuzam Shah, 1494. Taken by General Wellesley, 1803.
=Aivalli=, Bombay. 16N. 76E. Contains famous temples, and is sacred spot of Vishnu.
=Ajmere=, Rajputana. 26N. 75E. Capital of Ajmere-Merwara. Contains tomb of Mussulman saint, Kwajah. Purchased by Britain, 1818. Mayo College f.
1875.
=Akashi=, Japan. 35N. 135E. Contains Shinto temple in honour of the poet Kakinomoto-no-Hitomaro.
=Ak-su=, Eastern Turkestan. 41N. 81E. Nearly destroyed by earthquake, 1718. Captured by Khan of Kashgar, 1867; retaken by Chinese, 1877.
=Alandi=, Bombay. 19N. 74E. Resort of Hindu pilgrims, and said to have been res. of Jnaneshvar.
=Aleppo=, Syria. 36N. 37E. Taken by Saracens, 636; conquered by Tamerlane, 1402; by Turks, 1517. Visited by earthquakes, 1170, 1822. Contains the Jami Sakarya, or Great Mosque, in which lie alleged remains of Zacharias, father of John the Baptist. Res. of Mutanabbi. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.')
=Aligarh=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Contains Fort Aligarh, captured by General Lake from Mahrattas, 1803. Seat of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College.
=Allahabad= ('city of God'), United Provs. 25N. 82E. F. by Akbar, 1575.
Taken by Britain, 1801. Contains Muir Central College. Scene of journeying of Rama and Sita described in the 'Ramayana' as the hermitage of Bharadvaja.
=Allah Shehr=, Asia Minor. 38N. 29E. F. by Attalus Philadelphus, c. 200 B.C.; supposed to be one of 'seven churches of Asia' mentioned in Apocalypse.
=Amarapura= ('city of the gods'), Burma. 22N. 96E. Former capital of Burma. F. in 1783, by Bodawpaya. Destroyed by fire, 1810; by earthquake, 1839. Contains celebrated temple with colossal bronze statue of Gautama.
=Amasia=, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 36E. Former capital of kings of Pontus. Bp.
of Strabo.
=Ambur=, Madras. 13N. 79E. Muzaffar Jang conquered Anwar-ud-din, Nawab of Arcot, 1749.
=Amoy= ('gallery gate'), China. 24N. 118E. Taken by Britain, 1841; opened to foreign trade by Treaty of Nanking, 1842.
=Amritsar= ('pool of immortality'), Punjab. 32N. 75E. F. round sacred reservoir by Guru Ram Das, 1574. Contains Darbar Sahib, chief Sikh temple; also fortress of Govindgarh, 1809.
=Amroha=, United Provs. 29N. 78E. Said to have been f. by Hastinapur; res.
of Shah Wilayat. In the vicinity the Mongols were conquered, 1304.
=Amu Daria=, Turkestan. 37N. 73E. Ancient river Oxus, occurring as Amoo in 'The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan.' (See Moore's 'Lalla Rookh.')
=Anantapur=, Madras. 15N. 78E. F. by Chikkappa Udaiyar, 1364; attacked by Mahrattas, 1757.
=Aneysa=, Arabia. 26N. 45E. Bp. of Abdul-Wahab, founder of Wahabis. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.')
=Angkor=, Indo-China. 13N. 104E. Ruined city, near which are ruins of Angkor-Vat, a famous Cambodian temple. (See Little's 'Far East.')
=Angora=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 33E. Supposed to have been f. by Midas.
Scene of Christian Councils, 314, 358. Contains temple erected to Augustus. Sultan Bejazet I. captured by Tamerlane, 1402.
=Ani=, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 43E. Ancient Armenian capital. Taken by Greeks, 1045; by Seljuks, 1064. Destroyed by earthquake, 1319.
=Anjangaon=, Berar. 21N. 77E. Treaty signed between British and Daulat Rao Sindhia after second Mahratta War, 1803.
=Anjengo=, Madras. 9N. 77E. Bp. of historian, Robert Orme, and res. of Eliza Draper, friend of Laurence Sterne.
=Anjidiv=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Island visited by Ibn Batatu, 1342; by Vasco da Gama, 1498. Occupied by Portuguese, 1505. Mentioned by Ptolemy.
=Ankai Tonkai=, Bombay. 20N. 74E. Conquered by Shah Jehan, 1635; occupied by British, 1818.
=Antioch=, Syria. 36N. 36E. F. by Seleucus Nicator, c. 300 B.C. Scene of St. Paul's first ministry. Destroyed by earthquakes, 526, 1872. Ruined by Persians, 538; taken by Saracens, 658; by Turks, 1516. Bp. of Archias, St. Luke, and Chrysostom. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')
=An-tung=, Manchuria. 40N. 125E. General Kuroki established here during Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')
=Anupshahr=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1757; by British, 1773.