THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: Corn which has been parboiled, shelled from the cob, and dried in the sun.]
[Footnote 2: Literally, _crazy oats_. It is the French name for the Menomonees.]
[Footnote 3: _Le Forgeron_, or Blacksmith, a Menomonee chief.]
[Footnote 4: A niece of James Fenimore Cooper.]
[Footnote 5: Master--or, to use the emphatic Yankee term, _boss_.]
[Footnote 6: Michaud climbed into a plum-tree, to gather plums. The branch broke. _Michaud fell_! Where is he? _He is down on the ground_.
No, he is up in the tree.]
[Footnote 7: The supposed Dauphin of France.]
[Footnote 8: The site of the town of Nee-nah.]
[Footnote 9: The bark of the red willow, scraped fine, which is preferred by the Indians to tobacco.]
[Footnote 10: General Cass was then Governor of Michigan, and Superintendent of the Northwestern Indians.]
[Footnote 11: In the year 1714.]
[Footnote 12: Father! How do you do?]
[Footnote 13: Only look! what inventions! what wonders!]
[Footnote 14: Between two of these lakes is now situated the town of Madison--the capital of the State of Wisconsin.]
[Footnote 15: I speak, it will be understood, of things as they existed a quarter of a century ago.]
[Footnote 16: It was at this spot that the unfortunate St. Vrain lost his life, during the Sauk war, in 1832.]
[Footnote 17: Probably at what is now Oswego. The name of a portion of the wood is since corrupted into _Specie's Grove_.]
[Footnote 18: The honey-bee is not known in the perfectly wild countries of North America. It is ever the pioneer of civilization, and the Indians call it "_the white man's bird_."]
[Footnote 19: It was near this spot that the brother of Mr. Hawley, a Methodist preacher, was killed by the Sauks, in 1832, after having been tortured by them with the most wanton barbarity.]
[Footnote 20: Riviere Aux Plaines was the original French designation, now changed to _Desplaines_, pronounced as in English.]
[Footnote 21: 1855.]
[Footnote 22: See Frontispiece.]
[Footnote 23: Since called N. State Street (1870).]
[Footnote 24: I can recall a petition that was circulated at the garrison about this period, for "building a brigg over Michigan City."
By altering the orthography, it was found to mean, not the stupendous undertaking it would seem to imply, but simply "building a bridge" over _at_ Michigan City,--an accommodation much needed by travellers at that day.]
[Footnote 25: The proper orthography of this word is undoubtedly _slough_, as it invariably indicates something like that which Christian fell into in flying from the City of Destruction. I spell it, however, as it is pronounced.]
[Footnote 26: A gentleman who visited Chicago at that day, thus speaks of it: "I passed over the ground from the fort to the Point, on horseback. I was up to my stirrups in water the whole distance. I would not have given sixpence an acre for the whole of it."]
[Footnote 27: See Narrative of the Massacre, p. 159.]
[Footnote 28: Mr. Cat.]
[Footnote 29: This Narrative, first published in pamphlet form in 1836, was transferred, with little variation, to Brown's "History of Illinois," and to a work called "Western Annals." It was likewise made, by Major Richardson, the basis of his two tales, "Hardscrabble," and "Wau-nan-gee."]
[Footnote 30: Burns's house stood near the spot where the Agency Building, or "Cobweb Castle," was afterwards erected, at the foot of N.
State Street.]
[Footnote 31: This is done by cutting the meat in thin slices, placing it upon a scaffold, and making a fire under it, which dries it and smokes it at the same time.]
[Footnote 32: A trading-establishment--now Ypsilanti.]
[Footnote 33: Captain Wells, when a boy, was stolen, by the Miami Indians, from the family of Hon. Nathaniel Pope, in Kentucky. Although recovered by them, he preferred to return and live among his new friends. He married a Miami woman, and became a chief of the nation. He was the father of the late Mrs. Judge Wolcott, of Maumee, Ohio.]
[Footnote 34: The spot now called Bertrand, then known as _Parc aux Vaches,_ from its having been a favorite "stamping-ground" of the buffalo which then abounded in the country.]
[Footnote 35: The exact spot of this encounter was about where 21st Street crosses Indiana Avenue.]
[Footnote 36: Along the present State Street.]
[Footnote 37: Mrs. Holt is believed to be still living, in the State of Ohio.]
[Footnote 38: Billy Caldwell was a half-breed, and a chief of the nation. In his reply, "_I am a Sau-ga-nash_," or Englishman, he designed to convey, "I am a _white_ man." Had he said, "_I am a Pottowattamie_,"
it would have been interpreted to mean, "I belong to my nation, and am prepared to go all lengths with them."]
[Footnote 39: Frenchman.]
[Footnote 40: The Pottowattamie chief, so well known to many of the citizens of Chicago, now (1870) residing at the Aux Plaines.]
[Footnote 41: Twenty-two years after this, as I was on a journey to Chicago in the steamer Uncle Sam, a young woman, hearing my name, introduced herself to me, and, raising the hair from her forehead, showed me the mark of the tomahawk which had so nearly been fatal to her.]
[Footnote 42: Although this is the name our mother preserved of her benefactor, it seems evident that this chief was in fact _Corn-Planter_, a personage well known in the history of the times. There could hardly have been two such prominent chiefs in the same village.]
[Footnote 43: From the French--_Tranche_, a deep cut.]
[Footnote 44: It is a singular fact that all the martins, of which there were great numbers occupying the little houses constructed for them by the soldiers, were observed to have disappeared from their homes on the morning following the embarkation of the troops. After an absence of five days they returned. They had perhaps taken a fancy to accompany their old friends, but, finding they were not Mother Carey's chickens, deemed it most prudent to return and reoccupy their old dwellings.]
[Footnote 45: It is now known as Dunkley's Grove.]