SYLLOGISM, sil'[=o]-jizm, _n._ logical form of every argument, consisting of three propositions, of which the first two are called the premises, and the last, which follows from them, the conclusion.--_n._ SYLLOGIS[=A]'TION.--_v.i._ SYLL'OGISE, to reason by syllogisms.--_v.t._ to deduce consequences from.--_n._ SYLL'OGISER.--_adjs._ SYLLOGIS'TIC, -AL, pertaining to a syllogism: in the form of a syllogism.--_adv._ SYLLOGIS'TICALLY. [Gr. _syllogismos_--_syllogizesthai_--_syn_, together, _logizesthai_, to reckon--_logos_, speech.]
SYLPH, silf, _n._ one of the elemental spirits of the air, intermediate between immaterial and material beings, occasionally holding intercourse with human creatures: a fairy.--_n._ SYLPH'ID, a little sylph.--_adjs._ SYLPH'INE, SYLPH'ISH. [Fr. _sylphe_, of Celtic origin; but cf. Gr.
_silph[=e]_, a kind of beetle.]
SYLVA, SILVA, sil'va, _n._ the forest trees of any region collectively.--_adjs._ SYL'VAN, SIL'VAN.--_n._ SYLVICUL'TURE, arboriculture, forestry. [L.]
SYMBAL, sim'bal, _n._ Same as CYMBAL.
SYMBIOSIS, sim-bi-[=o]'sis, _n._ a term introduced by De Bary to denote certain kinds of physiological partnership between organisms of different kinds--best restricted to such intimate and complementary partnerships as exist between algoid and fungoid elements in lichens, or between unicellular Algae; and Radiolarians.--_n._ SYM'BION, an organism living in such a state.--_adj._ SYMBIOT'IC.--_adv._ SYMBIOT'ICALLY. [Gr. _syn_, together, _bios_, life.]
SYMBOL, sim'bol, _n._ a sign by which one knows a thing: an arbitrary or other conventional mark, abbreviating methods of scientific expression, as in algebra, and esp. chemistry: an emblem: that which represents something else: a figure or letter representing something: (_theol._) a creed, compendium of doctrine, or a typical religious rite, as the Eucharist.--_adjs._ SYMBOL'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a symbol: representing by signs: emblematic: figurative: typical.--_adv._ SYMBOL'ICALLY.--_ns._ SYMBOL'ICALNESS; SYMBOL'ICS, the study of the history and contents of Christian creeds; SYMBOLIS[=A]'TION.--_v.i._ SYM'BOLISE, to be symbolical: to resemble in qualities.--_v.t._ to represent by symbols.--_ns._ SYM'BOLISER, SYM'BOLIST, one who uses symbols; SYM'BOLISM, representation by symbols or signs: a system of symbols: use of symbols: (_theol._) the science of symbols or creeds.--_adjs._ SYMBOLIST'IC, -AL.--_ns._ SYMBOL'OGY, SYMBOLOL'OGY, the art of representing by symbols; SYMBOLOL'ATRY, undue veneration for symbols; SYM'BOLRY, the use of symbols generally. [Gr. _symbolon_, from _symballein_--_syn_, together, _ballein_, to throw.]
SYMMETRY, sim'e-tri, _n._ the state of one part being of the same measure with or proportionate to another: due proportion: harmony or adaptation of parts to each other.--_adj._ SYMM'ETRAL, commensurable, symmetrical.--_n._ SYMMET'RIAN, one who is careful about symmetry.--_adjs._ SYMMET'RIC, -AL, having symmetry or due proportion in its parts: harmonious.--_adv._ SYMMET'RICALLY, with symmetry.--_ns._ SYMMET'RICALNESS; SYMMETRI'CIAN, SYMM'ETRIST, one careful about symmetry; SYMMETRIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ SYMM'ETRISE, to make symmetrical.--_n._ SYMMETROPH[=O]'BIA, fear or strong dislike of mechanical symmetry. [L. and Gr. _symmetria_--_syn_, together, _metron_, a measure.]
SYMMORPH, sim'morf, _n._ a character different in form from another, but representing the same notion. [Gr. _symmorphos_, similar--_syn_, with, _morph[=e]_, form.]
SYMPATHY, sim'pa-thi, _n._ like feeling: an agreement of inclination, feeling, or sensation: compassion: pity: tenderness: an agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of natural temperament: mutual conformity of parts in the fine arts: correspondence of parts in similar sensations or affections, or the affection of the whole body or system, or some part of it, in consequence of local injury or disease: propensity of inanimate bodies to union or mutual action: the effective union of colours.--_adjs._ SYMPATHET'IC, -AL, showing, or inclined to, sympathy: feeling with another: able to sympathise: compassionate: produced by sympathy: uniting viscera and blood-vessels in a nervous action common to them all: noting sounds induced by vibrations conveyed through air, &c., from a body already in vibration.--_adv._ SYMPATHET'ICALLY.--_n._ SYMPATHET'ICISM, undue disipostion to be sympathetic.--_v.i._ SYM'PATHISE, to have sympathy: to feel with or for another: to be compassionate.--_ns._ SYM'PATHISER; SYM'PATHISM; SYM'PATHIST.--SYMPATHETIC INK (see INK). [Gr.
_sympatheia_--_syn_, with, _pathos_, suffering.]
SYMPELMOUS, sim-pel'mus, _adj._ in birds, having the tendons of the deep flexors of the toes blended in one before separating to proceed one to each of the four digits--opp. to _Nomopelmous_. [Gr. _syn_, with, _pelma_, the sole of the foot.]
SYMPETALOUS, sim-pet'a-lus, _adj._ having all the petals united.
SYMPHENOMENON, sim-f[=e]-nom'e-non, _n._ a phenomenon resembling others shown by the same object:--_pl._ SYMPHENOM'ENA.--_adj._ SYMPHENOM'ENAL.
SYMPHONY, sim'f[=o]-ni, _n._ an agreeing together in sound: unison, consonance, or harmony of sound: a musical composition for a full band of instruments: an instrumental introduction or termination to a vocal composition.--_n._ SYMPH[=O]'NIA, concord in Greek music: a medieval name for the bagpipe, the virginal.--_adj._ SYMPHON'IC, relating to, or resembling, a symphony: symphonious.--_n._ SYMPH[=O]'NION, a combination of pianoforte and harmonium, the precursor of the orchestrion.--_adj._ SYMPH[=O]'NIOUS, agreeing or harmonising in sound: accordant: harmonious.--_n._ SYM'PHONIST, a composer of symphonies. [Gr.
_symph[=o]nia_--_syn_, together, _ph[=o]n[=e]_ a sound.]
SYMPHORICARPOUS, sim-f[=o]-ri-kar'pus, _adj._ bearing several fruits clustered together.
SYMPHYLA, sim'fi-la, _n.pl._ an order or suborder of insects related to typical _Thysanura_, but resembling chilopods and having many abdominal legs.--_adj._ SYM'PHYLLOUS. [Gr. _symphylos_, of the same race--_syn_, with, _phylon_, a clan.]
SYMPHYNOTE, sim'fi-n[=o]t, _adj._ soldered together at the hinge, as the valves of some unios. [Gr. _symphy[=e]s_, growing together, _n[=o]ton_, the back.]
SYMPHYOGENESIS, sim-fi-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ (_bot._) the forming of an organ or part by union of parts formerly separate.--_adj._ SYMPHYOGENET'IC.
[Gr. _symphyesthai_, to grow together, _genesis_, generation.]
SYMPHYSIS, sim'fi-sis, _n._ the union of two parts of the skeleton, either by confluence, by direct apposition, or by the intervention of cartilage or ligament: the union of parts normally separate, coalescence or growing together of parts.--_adj._ SYMPHYS'[=E]AL.--_ns._ SYMPHYS'IA, a malformation produced by the union of parts properly separate; SYM'PHYTISM, a coalescence of word-elements. [Gr. _syn_, with, _phyein_, to grow.]
SYMPHYTUM, sim'fi-tum, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, of the natural order _Boraginaceae_.
SYMPIESOMETER, sim-pi-e-som'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a barometer in which oil and hydrogen gas replace mercury and the Toricellian vacuum: an instrument for measuring the pressure of a current. [Gr. _sympiesis_, a pressing together--_syn_, with, _piezein_, to press, _metron_, a measure.]
SYMPLECTIC, sim-plek'tik, _adj._ placed in or among, as if woven together.--_n._ a bone in the Teleostean fishes which forms the lower ossification of the suspensorium, and which articulates below with the quadrate bone by which it is firmly held. [Gr. _symplektikos_--_syn_, together, _plekein_, to weave.]
SYMPLESITE, sim'ple-s[=i]t, _n._ a pearly, vitreous arseniate of ferrous iron. [Gr. _syn_, together, _pl[=e]sios_, near.]
SYMPLOCE, sim'pl[=o]-s[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) the repetition of a word at the beginning and another at the end of successive clauses. [Gr. _symplok[=e]_, an interweaving.]
SYMPLOCIUM, sim-pl[=o]'si-um, _n._ (_bot._) the annulus in the sporangium of ferns.
SYMPODIUM, sim-p[=o]'di-um, _n._ (_bot._) an axis or stem morphologically made up of a series of superposed branches imitating a simple stem. [Gr.
_syn_, with, _pous_, _podos_, foot.]
SYMPOSIUM, sim-p[=o]'zi-um, _n._ a drinking together: a banquet with philosophic conversation: a merry feast.--_adjs._ SYMP[=O]'SIAC, SYMP[=O]'SIAL.--_ns._ SYM-P[=O]'SIARCH, the master of the feast, a toast-master; SYMP[=O]'SIAST, one who takes part in a symposium. [L.,--Gr.
_symposion_--_syn_, together, _posis_, a drinking--_pinein_, to drink.]
SYMPTOM, simp'tum, _n._ that which attends and indicates the existence of something else, not as a cause, but as a constant effect: (_med._) that which indicates disease.--_adjs._ SYMPTOMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to symptoms: indicating the existence of something else: (_med._) proceeding from some prior disorder.--_adv._ SYMPTOMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ SYMPTOMATOL'OGY, the sum of knowledge concerning symptoms. [Gr. _sympt[=o]ma_--_syn_, with, _piptein_, to fall.]
SYMPTOSIS, simp-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the meeting of polars of the same point with reference to different loci.
SYNACMY, sin-ak'mi, _n._ the simultaneous maturity of the anthers and stigmas of a flower.--_adj._ SYNAC'MIC. [Gr. _syn_, with, _akm[=e]_, maturity.]
SYNACRAL, sin-ak'ral, _adj._ having a common vertex, as faces of a polyhedron. [Gr. _syn_, with, _acros_, top.]
SYNADELPHIC, sin-a-del'fik, _adj._ acting together, as different members of an animal body. [Gr. _syn_, with, _adelphos_, a brother.]
SYNADELPHITE, sin-a-del'f[=i]t, _n._ an arseniate of manganese.
SYNaeRESIS. See SYNERESIS.
SYNaeSTHESIA, sin-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ sensation produced at a point different from the point of stimulation.
SYNAGOGUE, sin'a-gog, _n._ an assembly of Jews for worship: a Jewish place of worship.--_adjs._ SYN'AGOGAL, SYNAGOG'ICAL. [Fr.,--Gr.
_synag[=o]g[=e]_--_syn_, together, _agein_, to lead.]
SYNALEPHA, sin-a-l[=e]'fa, _n._ a contraction by suppressing a final vowel or diphthong before another vowel or diphthong, so that the final syllable of one word runs or melts into the first of the other.--Also SYNAL[=E]'PHE.
[Gr. _synaloiph[=e]_--_synaleiphein_, to melt together--_syn_, together with, _aleiphein_, to anoint.]
SYNALGIA, si-nal'ji-a, _n._ sympathetic pain. [Gr. _syn_, with, _algos_, pain.]
SYNALLAGMATIC, sin-a-lag-mat'ik, _adj._ mutually or reciprocally obligatory. [Gr. _synallagmatikos_--_synallagma_, a covenant.]
SYNANCIA, si-nan'si-a, _n._ a genus of fishes with spines and poison-glands, of family _Synanciidae_.--_adj._ SYNAN'CIOID. [Gr.
_synangchos_, quinsy.]
SYNANGIUM, si-nan'ji-um, _n._ an arterial trunk: the boat-shaped sorus of certain ferns. [Gr. _syn_, with, _angeion_, a vessel.]
SYNANTHEROUS, si-nan'ther-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having the anthers united.
SYNANTHOUS, si-nan'thus, _adj._ (_bot._) denoting plants whose flowers and leaves appear together or at the same time.--_n._ SYNAN'THY. [Gr. _syn_, together, _anthos_, a flower.]
SYNAPHEA, sin-a-f[=e]'a, _n._ the metrical continuity between one colon and another, mutual connection of all the verses in a system, so that they are scanned as one verse, as in anapaestics: elision or synalepha, at the end of a line, of the final vowel of a dactylic hexameter before the initial vowel of the next.--Also SYNAPHEI'A. [Gr.,--_synaptein_, to join together.]
SYNAPTE, si-nap't[=e], _n._ (_Gr. Church_) a litany. [Gr. _synapt[=e]_ (_euch[=e]_, a prayer), joined together.]
SYNARCHY, sin'ar-ki, _n._ joint sovereignty. [Gr. _synarchia_--_syn_, with, _archein_, to rule.]
SYNARTESIS, sin-ar-t[=e]'sis, _n._ a fastening together, close union.--_adj._ SYNARTET'IC. [Gr. _synart[=e]sis_--_syn_, with, _artaein_, to fasten to.]