SCHIZOGENESIS, skiz-[=o]-jen'e-sis _n._ reproduction by fission.--_adjs._ SCHIZOGEN'IC, SCHIZOGENET'IC.--_n._ SCHIZOG'ONY. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _genesis_, production.]
SCHIZOGNATHOUS, sk[=i]-zog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer, as in the gulls, plovers, &c.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THae, a subdivision of the carinate birds.--_n._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THISM. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _gnathos_, the jaw.]
SCHIZOMYCETES, skiz-[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n._ a botanical term for Bacteria, in reference to their commonest mode of reproduction--by transverse division. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _myk[=e]s_ (pl.
_myk[=e]tes_), a mushroom.]
SCHIZONEMERTEA, skiz-[=o]-n[=e]-mer't[=e]-a, _n.pl._ the sea-worms which have the head fissured.--_adjs._ SCHIZONEMER'TEAN, SCHIZONEMER'TINE.
SCHIZONEURA, skiz-[=o]-n[=u]'ra, _n._ a genus of plant lice. [Gr.
_schizein_, to cleave, _neuron_, a nerve.]
SCIZOPHORA, sk[=i]-zof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a division of dipterous insects.
[Gr. _schizein_, cleave, _pherein_, bear.]
SCHIZOPODA, sk[=i]-zop'[=o]-da, _n.pl._ a group of crustaceans, having the feet cleft or double, including the opossum-shrimps and their allies.--_adj._ and _n._ SCHIZ'OPOD. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]
SCHIZORHINAL, skiz-[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nasal bones separate: having the anterior nostrils prolonged in the form of a slit. [Gr.
_schizein_, to cleave, _rhis_, _rhinos_, the nose.]
SCHIZOTHECAL, skiz-[=o]-th[=e]'kal, _adj._ having the tarsal envelope divided, as by scutella--opp. to _Holothecal_. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _th[=e]k[=e]_, a case.]
SCHIZOTROCHOUS, sk[=i]-zot'r[=o]-kus, _adj._ with a divided disc, as a rotifer.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOT'ROCHA. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _trochos_, a wheel.]
SCHLaGER, shl[=a]'g[.e]r, _n._ the modern duelling-sword of German university students. [Ger.,--_schlagen_, to beat.]
SCHEGALIA, shle-g[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of birds of Paradise. [Named from the Dutch ornithologist Hermann _Schlegel_ (1805-84).]
SCHLICH, shlik, _n._ the finer portions of crushed ore, separated by water.
[Ger.]
SCHMELZE, schmel'tse, _n._ glass used in decorative work. [Ger. _schmelz_, enamel.]
SCHNAPPS, SCHNAPS, shnaps, _n._ Holland gin, Hollands. [Ger. _schnapps_, a dram.]
SCHNEIDERIAN, shn[=i]-d[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the mucous membrane of the nose--first described by the German anatomist C. V. _Schneider_ (1614-80).
SCHOENUS, sk[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the sedge family. [Gr. _schoinos_, a rush.]
SCHOLAR, skol'ar, _n._ a pupil: a disciple: a student: one who has received a learned education: a man of learning: a savant: in the English universities, an undergraduate partly supported from the revenues of a college.--_ns._ SCHOL'ARCH, the head of a school of philosophy; SCHOL'ARISM, the affectation of scholarship.--_adjs._ SCHOL'AR-LIKE, SCHOL'ARLY, like or becoming a scholar.--_n._ SCHOL'ARSHIP, the character of a scholar: learning: maintenance for a scholar, a benefaction, the annual proceeds of a bequest permanently invested for this purpose.--_adj._ SCHOLAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholar or to schools: scholar-like: pertaining to the schoolmen: excessively subtle: pedantic.--_n._ one who adheres to the method or subtleties of the schools of the middle ages.--_adv._ SCHOLAS'TICALLY, in a scholastic manner: according to the methods of the schools of philosophy.--_n._ SCHOLAS'TICISM, the aims, methods, and products of thought which constituted the main endeavour of the intellectual life of the middle ages: the method or subtleties of the schools of philosophy: the collected body of doctrines of the schoolmen.
[Low L. _scholaris_--L. _schola_.]
SCHOLIAST, sk[=o]'li-ast, _n._ one of a class of ancient grammarians, mostly anonymous, who wrote short notes on the margins of the MSS. of ancient Greek and Roman classics, a writer of scholia: an annotator: a commentator.--_adj._ SCHOLIAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholiast or to scholia.--_ns._ SCH[=O]'LION, SCH[=O]'LIUM, one of the marginal notes of the old critics on the ancient classics: (_math._) an explanation tion added to a problem:--_pl._ SCH[=O]'LIA, SCH[=O]'LIUMS. [Gr.
_scholiast[=e]s_--_scholion_, a scholium.]
SCHOOL, sk[=oo]l, _n._ a place for instruction: an institution of learning, esp. for children: the pupils of a school: exercises for instruction: the disciples of a particular teacher, or those who hold a common doctrine: a large number of fish migrating together, a shoal: a system of training: any means of knowledge, esp. (_mus._) a treatise teaching some particular branch of the art: a large hall in English universities, where the examinations for degrees, &c., are held--hence, one of these examinations (gen. _pl._) also the group of studies taken by a man competing for honours in these: a single department of a university: (_pl._) the body of masters and students in a college.--_v.t._ to educate in a school: to instruct: to admonish, to discipline.--_adj._ SCHOOL'ABLE, of school age.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-BOARD, a board of managers, elected by the ratepayers, whose duty it is to see that adequate means of education are provided for the children of a town or district; SCHOOL'-BOY, a boy attending a school: one learning the rudiments of a subject; SCHOOL'-CLERK, one versed in the learning of schools; SCHOOL'-CRAFT, learning; SCHOOL'-DAME, a schoolmistress.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-DAYS, the time of life during which one goes to school.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-DIVINE'; SCHOOL'-DIVIN'ITY, scholastic or seminary theology; SCHOOL'-DOC'TOR, a schoolman; SCHOOL'ERY (_Spens._), something taught, precepts; SCHOOL'-FELL'OW, one taught at the same school: an associate at school; SCHOOL'GIRL a girl attending school.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-HOURS, time spent at school in acquiring instruction.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-HOUSE, a house of discipline and instruction: a house used as a school: a schoolmaster's house; SCHOOL'ING, instruction in school: tuition: the price paid for instruction: reproof, reprimand; SCHOOL'-INSPEC'TOR, an official appointed to examine schools; SCHOOL'-MA'AM, a schoolmistress; SCHOOL'-MAID, a school-girl; SCHOOL'MAN, one of the philosophers and theologians of the second half of the middle ages; SCHOOL'MASTER, the master or teacher of a school, a pedagogue:--_fem._ SCHOOL'MISTRESS, a woman who teaches or who merely governs a school; SCHOOL'-MATE, one who attends the same school; SCHOOL'-NAME, an abstract term, an abstraction; SCHOOL'-PENCE, a small sum paid for school-teaching; SCHOOL'-POINT, a point for scholastic disputation; SCHOOL'-ROOM, a room for teaching in: school accommodation; SCHOOL'-SHIP, a vessel used for teaching practical navigation.--_adj._ SCHOOL'-TAUGHT, taught at school or in the schools.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-TEACH'ER, one who teaches in a school; SCHOOL'-TEACH'ING; SCHOOL'-TIME, the time at which a school opens; SCHOOL'-WHALE, one of a school of whales; BOARD'-SCHOOL, a school under the control of a school-board.--GRAMMAR SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL, a school of secondary instruction, standing between the primary school and the university; NATIONAL SCHOOLS, those schools in Ireland which are under the commissioners of national education; OXFORD SCHOOL, a name given to that party which adopted the principles contained in the _Tracts for the Times_ (cf. _Tractarianism_); PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, in Scotland, schools in every parish for general education; PRIMARY SCHOOL, a school for elementary instruction; PUBLIC SCHOOL, an elementary or primary school: a school under the control of a school-board: an endowed classical school for providing a liberal education for such as can pay high for it--Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury, Charterhouse, St Paul's, and Merchant Taylors', &c.; RAGGED SCHOOL, a free school for destitute children's education and often maintenance, supported by voluntary efforts; SUNDAY SCHOOL, a school held on Sunday for religious instruction; TuBINGEN SCHOOL, a rationalistic school of theologians founded by F. C. Baur (1792-1860), which explained the origin of the Catholic Church as due to the gradual fusion of an antagonistic Judaistic and Gentile party, the various stages of fusion being capable of being traced in the extant documents.--THE SCHOOLMASTER IS ABROAD, a phrase of Brougham's implying that education and intelligence are now widely spread. [L. _schola_--Gr. _schol[=e]_, leisure, a school.]
[Illustration]
SCHOONER, sk[=oo]n'[.e]r, _n._ a sharp-built, swift-sailing vessel, generally two-masted, rigged either with fore-and-aft sails on both masts, or with square top and topgallant sails on the foremast: an old form of covered emigrant-wagon: a large drinking-glass.--_n._ SCHOON'ER-SMACK, a sharp-bowed schooner. [Coined in New England from the prov. Eng. _scoon_ (Scot. _scon_), to make a flat stone skip along the surface of water; A.S.
_scunian_.]
SCHORL, shorl, _n._ black tourmaline--also SHORL.--_adjs._ SCHORL[=A]'CEOUS, SCHOR'LOUS, SCHOR'LY. [Ger. _schorl_, prob. from Sw.
_skor_, brittle.]
SCHOTTISCHE, sho-t[=e]sh', _n._ a dance resembling a polka, danced by a couple: music adapted for the dance.--Also SCHOTTISH'. [Ger., 'Scottish.']
SCHOUT, skout, _n._ a municipal officer in the North American Dutch colonies. [Dut.]
SCHRANKIA, shrang'ki-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants, whose six species are all American--including the _sensitive-briar_. [Named from the German naturalist F. von Paula _Schrank_ (1747-1835).]
SCHUCHIN, skuch'in, _n._ an obsolete form of _escutcheon_.
SCHWEINITZIA, shw[=i]-nit'zi-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the Indian-pipe family, including the sweet pine-sap or Carolina beech-drops.
[The Amer. botanist L. D. von _Schweinitz_ (1780-1834).]
SCHWENKFELDER, shwengk'fel-d[.e]r, _n._ a member of a religious sect, founded by Caspar von _Schwenkfeld_ (1490-1561), still found in Pennsylvania.--Also SCHWENK'FELDIAN.
SCIADIACEae, s[=i]-ad-i-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ a family of fresh-water algae, its typical genus _Sciadium_.
SCIAGRAPHY, s[=i]-ag'ra-fi, _n._ the art of casting and delineating shadows as they fall in nature: (_archit._) the vertical section of a building to show its interior structure: the art of dialling.--_ns._ SC[=I]'AGRAPH; SC[=I]AG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ SC[=I]AGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ SC[=I]AGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _skiagraphia_--_skia_, a shadow, _graphein_, to write.]
SCIAMACHY, s[=i]-am'a-ki, _n._ Same as SCIOMACHY.
SCIAMETRY, s[=i]-am'e-tri, _n._ the doctrine of eclipses. [Gr. _skia_, shadow, _metrein_, to measure.]
SCIARA, s[=i]'a-ra, _n._ a genus of gnats or midges. [Gr. _skiaros_, shady--_skia_, a shadow.]
SCIATH, s[=i]'ath, _n._ an oblong shield of wicker-work formerly used in Ireland. [Ir. _sciath_.]
SCIATHERIC, -AL, s[=i]-a-ther'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to a sundial. [Gr.
_skiath[=e]ron_--_skia_, shadow, _theran_, catch.]
SCIATICA, s[=i]-at'i-ka, _n._ a neuralgic affection of the great sciatic nerve.--_adjs._ SCIAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or affecting, the hip, ischiac.--_adv._ SCIAT'ICALLY. [Low L. _sciatica_--Gr. _ischion_.]
SCIENCE, s[=i]'ens, _n._ knowledge systematised: truth ascertained: pursuit of knowledge or truth for its own sake: knowledge arranged under general truths and principles: that which refers to abstract principles, as distinguished from 'art:' pre-eminent skill: trade: a department of knowledge.--_n._ SCIB'ILE, something capable of being known.--_adjs._ SC[=I]'ENCED, versed, learned; SC[=I]'ENT, knowing; SCIEN'TIAL (_Milt._), producing science: skilful; SCIENTIF'IC, -AL (_obs._), producing or containing science: according to, or versed in, science: used in science: systematic: accurate.--_adv._ SCIENTIF'ICALLY.--_ns._ SC[=I]'ENTISM, the view of scientists; SC[=I]'ENTIST, one who studies science, esp. natural science.--_adjs._ SCIENTIS'TIC.--_adv._ SC[=I]'ENTLY, knowingly.--_n._ SCIENT'OLISM, false science, superficial knowledge.--SCIENTIFIC FRONTIER, a term used by Lord Beaconsfield in 1878 in speaking of the rectification of the boundaries between India and Afghanistan, meaning a frontier capable of being occupied and defended according to the requirements of the science of strategy, in opposition to 'a hap-hazard frontier.'--ABSOLUTE SCIENCE, knowledge of things in themselves; APPLIED SCIENCE, when its laws are exemplified in dealing with concrete phenomena; DISMAL SCIENCE, political economy; GAY SCIENCE, a medieval name for belles-lettres and poetry generally, esp. amatory poetry; INDUCTIVE SCIENCE (see INDUCT); LIBERAL SCIENCE, a science cultivated from love of knowledge, without view to profit; MENTAL SCIENCE, mental philosophy, psychology; MORAL SCIENCE, ethics, the science of right and wrong, moral responsibility; OCCULT SCIENCE, a name applied to the physical sciences of the middle ages, also to magic, sorcery, witchcraft, &c.; SANITARY SCIENCE (see SANITARY); THE EXACT SCIENCES, the mathematical sciences; THE SCIENCE, the art of boxing; THE SEVEN LIBERAL SCIENCES, grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy--these were the seven TERRESTRIAL SCIENCES, as opposed to the seven CELESTIAL SCIENCES, civil law, Christian law, practical theology, devotional theology, dogmatic theology, mystic theology, and polemical theology. [Fr.,--L. _scientia_--_sciens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _sc[=i]re_, to know.]
SCIL, an abbreviation of _scilicet_.
SCILICET, sil'i-set, _adv._ to wit, namely, videlicet.
SCILLA, sil'a, _n._ a genus of liliaceous plants, as the squill. [L.,--Gr.
_skilla_, a sea-onion.]
SCILLOCEPHALUS, sil-[=o]-sef'a-lus, _n._ a person with a conical cranium.--_adjs._ SCILLOCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _skilla_, a squill, _kephal[=e]_, a head.]
SCIMITAR, sim'i-tar, _n._ a short, single-edged curved sword, broadest at the point end, used by the Turks and Persians.--_n._ SCIM'ITAR-POD, a strong, shrubby climber of the tropics. [O. Fr. _cimeterre_--Old It.
_cimitara_--Turk.,--Pers. _shimsh[=i]r_ (perh. 'lion's claw,' _sham_, a claw, _sh[=i]r_, _sher_, a lion); or perh. through Sp. _cimitarra_, from Basque _cimeterra_, something 'with a fine edge.']
SCINCOID, sing'koid, _n._ one of a family of saurian reptiles, the typical genus of which is the SCIN'CUS or skink.--_adjs._ like a skink. [L.