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TYPHA, t[=i]'fa, _n._ one of two distinct reed-like plants called Bulrush.

[Gr. _typh[=e]_, cat-tail.]

TYPHLITIS, tif-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the caecum and vermiform appendix--also TYPHLOeNTER[=I]'TIS.--_adj._ TYPHLIT'IC. [Gr. _typhlos_, blind.]

TYPHOeAN, t[=i]-f[=o]'[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Typhoeus_, a monster of Greek mythology, buried under Etna.

TYPHOID, t[=i]'foid, _adj._ pertaining to a widely-spread form of enteric or intestinal fever, long confounded with typhus, on account of the characteristic rash of rose-coloured spots--now proved to depend on defective hygienic conditions, and particularly on imperfect disposal of excreta--also TYPHOID FEVER.--_adjs._ TY'PHOIDAL; TYPHOMAL[=A]'RIAL, having both typhoid and malarial characteristics.--_n._ TYPHOM[=A]'NIA, a form of sleepless stupor and delirium in some cases of typhus fever--also TYPH[=O]'NIA. [Gr. _typh[=o]d[=e]s_--_typhos_, smoke, _eidos_, likeness.

Cf. _Typhus_.]

TYPHOON, t[=i]-f[=oo]n', _n._ a violent hurricane which occurs in the Chinese seas.--_adj._ TYPHON'IC. [Port. _tufo_--Ar., Pers., Hind.

_t[=u]f[=a]n_, a hurricane, perh. traceable to Gr. _typh[=o]n_, whence obs.

Eng. _typhon_, a whirlwind. The Chinese _t'ai fung_, a great wind, _pao fung_, fierce wind, are prob. independent.]

TYPHUS, t[=i]'fus, _n._ an extremely contagious and very fatal kind of continued fever, specially associated with filth and overcrowding, often occurring as an epidemic--_Jail-fever_, _Camp-fever_, &c.--_adj._ TY'PHOUS, relating to typhus. [Through Late L. from Gr. _typhos_, smoke, hence stupor arising from fever--_typhein_, to smoke.]

TYPOLITE, tip'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a stone or fossil imprinted with the impression of a plant or animal. [Gr. _typos_, impression, _lithos_, stone.]

TYPONYM, t[=i]'p[=o]-nim, _n._ a name based upon a type, as a specimen or species.--_adjs._ TYPON'YMAL, TYPONYM'IC. [Gr. _typos_, type, _onyma_, name.]

TYPORAMA, tip-[=o]-ra'ma, _n._ a model or representation in fac-simile.

[Gr. _typos_, type, _horama_, view.]

TYPTOLOGY, tip-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the so-called science or theory of spirit-rapping.--_adj._ TYPTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ TYPTOL'OGIST, one by whose means spirit-rappings are alleged to be induced: one who professes to believe in the genuineness of these. [Gr. _typtein_, to strike, _logia_--_legein_, to say.]

TYR, tir, _n._ the name of a war-god in the old Norse mythology, a son of Odin. [Ice. _Tr_.]

TYRANT, t[=i]'rant, _n._ one who uses his power arbitrarily and oppressively: (_orig._) an absolute monarch or irresponsible magistrate with unlimited powers or an overruling influence.--_v.t._ to tyrannise over.--_n._ TY'RAN (_Spens._), a tyrant.--_v.t._ to play the tyrant over.--_n._ TYR'ANNESS (_Spens._), a female tyrant.--_adjs._ TYRAN'NIC, -AL, TYR'ANNOUS, pertaining to or suiting a tyrant: unjustly severe: imperious: despotic.--_advs._ TYRAN'NICALLY, TYR'ANNOUSLY.--_n._ TYRAN'NICALNESS.--_adj._ TYRAN'NICIDAL.--_n._ TYRAN'NICIDE, the act of killing a tyrant: one who kills a tyrant.--_n.pl._ TYRAN'NIDae, a family of Passerine birds, the typical genus TYRAN'NUS, the tyrant-birds or tyrant-flycatchers.--_v.i._ TYR'ANNISE, to act as a tyrant: to rule with oppressive severity.--_v.t._ to act the tyrant to.--_adj._ TYR'ANNISH.--_n._ TYR'ANNY, the government or authority of a tyrant: absolute monarchy cruelly administered: oppression: cruelty: harshness. [O.

Fr. _tirant_ (Fr. _tyran_)--L. _tyrannns_--Gr. _tyrannos_ (Doric _koiranos_).]

TYRE. See TIRE.

TYRE, t[=i]r, _n._ (_Spens._) attire, dress.--_v.t._ to adorn.

TYRIAN, tir'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Tyre_: deep-purple, like the dye formerly prepared at Tyre.--_n._ a native of Tyre.--TYRIAN CYNOSURE, the constellation Ursa Minor, a familiar guide to Tyrian mariners.

TYRIASIS, ti-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ elephantiasis Arabum: the falling out of the hair.--Also TYR[=O]'MA. [Gr. _tyros_, cheese.]

TYRO, TIRO, t[=i]'r[=o], _n._ one learning any art: one not yet well acquainted with a subject:--_pl._ TY'ROS.--_ns._ TYROC'INY, pupilage (see TIROCINIUM); TY'RONISM, state of being a tyro. [L. _tiro_, a young recruit.]

TYROLESE, tir-ol-[=e]z', _adj._ relating to _Tyrol_, or to its people.--_n._ a native of Tyrol.--_n._ TYROLIENNE', a Tyrolese peasants'

dance, or its music.

TYROTOXICON, t[=i]-r[=o]-tok'si-kon, _n._ a ptomaine in milk or cheese.

[Gr. _tyros_, cheese, _toxicon_, poison.]

TYRRHENIAN, ti-r[=e]'ni-an, _adj._ Etruscan--also TYRRH[=E]NE'.--_n._ an Etruscan.--TYRRHENIAN SEA, that part of the Mediterranean between Tuscany and Sardinia and Corsica. [Gr. _Tyrrh[=e]nia_, Etruria.]

TYRTaeAN, tir-t[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Tyrtaeus_, a Greek martial poet of the 7th century B.C.

TYTHE, t[=i]_th_, _n._ a form of _tithe_.

TZAR, TZARINA=_Czar_, _Czarina_.

TZIGANY, tsig'a-ni, _n._ a Hungarian gipsy.--_adj._ [Hung. _Cigany_, Gipsy; cf. It. _Zingano_, _Zingaro_, Ger. _Zigeuner_.]

U the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel in our alphabet--evolving amongst the Greeks as _V_, with the value of _u_. From V, the lapidary and capital form, the uncial and cursive forms U and _u_ were developed, gradually V becoming appropriated as the symbol for the consonant, and the medial form _u_ as the symbol for the vowel.

UBEROUS, [=u]'ber-us, _adj._ (_Browning_) yielding abundance, fruitful.--_n._ U'BERTY, fruitfulness. [L. _uber_.]

UBIQUITY, [=u]-bik'wi-ti, _n._ existence everywhere at the same time: omnipresence.--_ns._ UB[=I]'ETY, the state of being in a definite place, whereness: omnipresence; UBIQUIT[=A]'RIAN, one who believes in the relative omnipresence of the human nature of Christ, and accordingly in His actual necessary bodily presence in the Eucharist.--_adj._ omnipresent--also _adj._ and _n._ UBIQU[=A]'RIAN (_rare_).--_adjs._ UBIQ'UITOUS, UBIQ'UITARY, being everywhere.--_adv._ UBIQ'UITOUSLY. [Fr. _ubiquite_, formed from L.

_ubique_, everywhere.]

UDAL, [=u]'dal, _adj._ applied to land held solely by uninterrupted succession, under no feudal superior.--_n._ a freehold estate.--_n._ U'DALLER, a holder of such. [Ice. _odhal_, a homestead.]

UDDER, ud'[.e]r, _n._ the mammary glands of various animals, esp. cows, &c.--_adjs._ UDD'ERED; UDD'ERFUL; UDD'ERLESS. [A.S. _uder_; cog. with Ger.

_euter_; also conn. with L. _uber_, Gr. _outhar_.]

UDOMETER, [=u]-dom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a rain-gauge.--_adj._ UDOMET'RIC. [L.

_udus_, wet, Gr. _metron_, a measure.]

UG, ug, _n._ (_prov._) a surfeit.--_v.i._ to feel a loathing.--_v.t._ to give a surfeit to. [Ice. _uggr_, fear.]

UGH, uh, _interj._ an exclamation of repugnance.

UGLY, ug'li, _adj._ offensive to the eye: deformed: hateful: ill-natured: very severe, dangerous, as an ugly wound.--_n._ (_coll._) an ugly person: a hood formerly worn by ladies as a shade for the eyes.--_v.t._ (rare) to make ugly.--_n._ UGLIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ UG'LIFY, to make ugly.--_adv._ UG'LILY, in an ugly manner.--_n._ UG'LINESS.--_adj._ UG'SOME, hideous.--_n._ UG'SOMENESS.--UGLY CUSTOMER, a dangerous antagonist; UGLY MAN, the actual person who garrottes the victim in a confederacy of three, the others, the fore-stall and back-stall, covering his escape. [Ice.

_uggligr_, frightful, _uggr_, fear; akin to Goth. _ogan_, A.S. _oge_, fear.]

UGRIAN, [=oo]'gri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Ugrians_, a name used by Castren for Ostiaks, Voguls, and Magyars belonging to the Ugro-Finnic division of the Ural-Altaic peoples.--Also UG'RIC.

UHLAN, [=u]'lan, _n._ one of a kind of light cavalry for outpost duty, &c., armed with a lance, famous esp. in the Prussian army. [Polish _ulan_, orig.

a light Tartar horseman--Turk, _ogl[=a]n_, a young man.]

UITLANDER, the Dutch form of _Outlander_. See under OUTLAND.

UKASE, [=u]-k[=a]s', _n._ a Russian decree having the force of law, emanating from the Czar directly or from the senate: any official proclamation. [Russ. _ukaz[)u]_, an edict--_y-_, prefix, _kazat[)i]_, show.]

ULCER, ul's[.e]r, _n._ a dangerous sore, discharging matter: (_fig._) a sore, a strain.--_v.i._ UL'CERATE, to be formed into an ulcer.--v.t to affect with an ulcer or ulcers.--_n._ ULCER[=A]'TION, that part or effect of an inflammatory process in which the materials of inflamed tissues, liquefied or degenerate, are cast off, in solution or very minute particles, from free surfaces, or, more rarely, are absorbed from the substance of the body: an ulcer.--_adjs._ UL'CERED, affected with an ulcer; UL'CEROUS, of the nature of an ulcer: affected with an ulcer.--_adv._ UL'CEROUSLY, in an ulcerous manner.--_n._ UL'CEROUSNESS. [Fr. _ulcere_--L.

_ulcus_, _ulc[)e]ris_; Gr. _helkos_, a wound.]

ULEMA, [=oo]'le-ma, _n._ the collective name (which can not be used as a singular) of the body of professional theologians and doctors of divinity, and therefore of law, in any Mohammedan country. [Ar., plur. of _'alim_, learned.]

ULEX, [=u]'leks, _n._ a genus of shrubs of the Bean family, including the furze, gorse, or whin. [L.]

ULIGINOSE, [=u]-lij'i-n[=o]s, _adj._ growing in swampy places.--Also ULIG'INOUS. [L. _uliginosus_--_uligo_--_uv[=e]re_, to be wet.]

ULITIS, [=u]-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the gums.--_ns._ ULON'CUS, swelling of the gums; ULORRH[=A]'GIA, bleeding from the gums. [Gr. _oula_, gums.]

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