TWINKLE, twing'kl, _v.i._ to blink: to shine with a trembling, sparkling light: to sparkle: to open and shut the eyes rapidly: to quiver.--_ns._ TWINK'LE, TWINK'LING, a quick motion of the eye: the time occupied by a wink: an instant: the scintillation of the fixed stars; TWINK'LER. [A.S.
_twinclian_.]
TWINTER, twin't[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a beast two years old.
TWIRE, tw[=i]r, _v.i._ (_obs._) to glance obliquely: (_Shak._) to twinkle, to gleam--also TWEER.--_n._ a shy look. [Cf. Bavarian _zwiren_, to spy, glance. Cf. _Queer_ and _Thwart_.]
TWIRE, tw[=i]r, _v.t._ (_obs._) to twist, twirl. [Perh. conn. with A.S.
_thweran_, to stir, churn; cf. Old High Ger. _dweran_, to stir.]
TWIRK, twirk, _n._ (_Scot._) a twitch.
TWIRL, tw[.e]rl, _v.t._ to turn round rapidly, esp. with the fingers.--_v.i._ to turn round rapidly: to be whirled round.--_n._ a whirl: a rapid circular motion.--_n._ TWIRL'ER.--TWIRL ONE'S THUMBS, to do nothing, be idle. [A.S. _thwirel_, a whisk for whipping milk--_thweran_, to churn, stir; Ger. _quirl_, _querl_, a stirring-spoon; cf. Ice. _thvara_, a stick for stirring, Gr. _toryne_, L. _trua_.]
TWISSEL, twis'l, _adj._ (_obs._) double.--_n._ anything double.--_adj._ TWISS'EL-TONGUED, double-tongued.
TWIST, twist, _v.t._ to twine: to unite or form by winding together: to form from several threads: to encircle with something: to wreathe: to wind spirally: to turn from the true form or meaning: to fabricate, compose: to cause to move spirally, to bend: to wrest, wrench: to insinuate.--_v.i._ to be united by winding: to be bent, to move spirally: to revolve: to writhe.--_n._ that which is twisted: a cord: a single thread: manner of twisting: a contortion: a small roll of tobacco: a strong silk thread: (_obs._) coarse cloth: a wrench, strain: a peculiar bent, perversion: (_slang_) a mixed drink, also an appetite for food.--_adjs._ TWIST'ABLE; TWIST'ED.--_n._ TW[=I]ST'ER, one who, or that which, twists: a whirling wind, a tornado: the inner part, of the thigh of a rider on horseback: a ball, as in cricket, billiards, &c., sent with a twist.--_v.t._ TWIST'LE (_Scot._), to twist.--_n._ a wrench.--TWIST OF THE WRIST, the turning movement of the wrist in any work requiring dexterity, any quick action.
[A.S. _twist_, a rope--_twi-_, two; Ger. _zwist_, discord.]
TWIT, twit, _v.t._ to remind of some fault, &c.:--_pr.p._ twit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ twit'ted.--_n._ a reproach.--_n._ TWIT'TER.--_adj._ TWIT'TING.--_adv._ TWIT'TINGLY, in a twitting manner. [A.S. _aet-witan_, to reproach--_aet_, against, _witan_ (Scot. _wyte_, Ger. _ver-weisen_), to blame.]
TWITCH, twich, _v.t._ to pull with a sudden jerk: to pluck: to snatch.--_v.i._ to be suddenly jerked: to move spasmodically: to carp, sneer.--_n._ a sudden, quick pull: a spasmodic contraction of the muscles: a loop fixed to a stick for fixing on the upper lip of a refractory horse during shoeing, &c.: the sudden narrowing almost to nothing of a vein of ore.--_ns._ TWITCH'ER; TWITCH'ING. [A.S. _twiccian_, to pluck; Ger.
_zwicken_.]
TWITCH-GRASS=_Couch-grass_.
TWITTER, twit'[.e]r, _n._ a chirp, as of a bird: a tremulous broken sound: a slight trembling of the nerves.--_v.i._ to make a succession of small tremulous noises: to feel a slight trembling of the nerves, to palpitate.--_v.t._ to chirp out.--_ns._ TWITTER[=A]'TION, a flutter; TWITT'ERING, act of twittering: the sound of twittering: nervous excitement.--_adv._ TWITT'ERINGLY. [A freq. of _twit_, allied to _titter_, &c.; cf. Ger. _zwitschern_, Sw. _qvittra_.]
TWITTER-BONE, twit'[.e]r-b[=o]n, _n._ an excrescence on a horse's hoof.--_adj._ TWITT'ER-BONED, shaky.
TWIT-TWAT, twit'-twot, _n._ the house sparrow.
'TWIXT. Abbreviation for _betwixt_.
TWIZZLE, twiz'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to roll and twist.
TWO, t[=oo], _adj._ one and one.--_n._ the sum of one and one: a figure representing two: a pair.--_n._ TWO'-DECK'ER, a vessel of war carrying guns on two decks.--_adjs._ TWO'-EDGED, having two edges; TWO'-FACED, having two faces, hence double-dealing, false; TWO'FOLD, folded twice: multiplied by two: double.--_adv._ doubly.--_adjs._ TWO'-FORKED, TW[=I]'-FORKED, double-pronged, bifurcate; TWO'-FRONT'ED, having fronts on opposite sides; TWO'-HAND'ED, having, or used with, two hands: ambidexterous, handy: to be used by two persons; TWO'-HEAD'ED, having two heads: directed by two authorities; TWO'-LEAVED, having two distinct leaves; TWO'-LEGGED, furnished with two legs; TWO'-LINE (_print._), having a depth of body equal to double that of the size specified, as _two-line_ nonpareil or pica; TWO'-LIPPED, having two lips: divided so as to resemble two lips; TWO'-MAST'ED, having two masts; TWO'-NEE'DLE, perforated with two needles.--_n._ TWO'NESS, the state of being two, doubleness.--_adj._ TWO'-PART'ED, bipartite, divided into two nearly to the base.--_n._ TWOPENCE (tup'ens, or t[=oo]'pens), the sum of two pennies: (_Shak._) a gilt coin worth two pence.--_adj._ TWOPENNY (tup'en-i, or t[=oo]'pen-i), of the value of twopence: cheap, worthless.--_n._ ale sold at twopence a quart.--_adjs._ TWO'-PLY, consisting of two thicknesses: woven double; TWO'-RANKED, alternately arranged in two exactly opposite rows, distichous, bifarious; TWO'-SID'ED, having two surfaces, or two aspects or phases: facing two ways, turned in two directions, often with implied sense of double-dealing or deceit; TWO'SOME, two, twofold; TWO'-TONGUED, double-tongued, deceitful; TWO'-WAY, arranged so as to permit a fluid to be turned into either of two channels: (_math._) having a double mode of variation; TW[=I]'-N[=A]'TURED, TWY'-N[=A]'TURED, double natured--human and animal in one.--BE TWO, to be at variance; IN TWO, asunder. [A.S. _twa_ (_fem._), _twegen_ (masc.), _twa_, _tu_ (neut.); Ger. _zwei_, Goth. _twai_; also Gr. _dyo_, L. _duo_, Sans. _dva_, Gael. _da_, _do_.]
TWYER, tw[=i]'[.e]r, _n._ a tube through which the blast of air enters a blast-furnace.--Also TUY'ERE, TWEER, TUY'ER, TWI'ER. [Fr. _tuyere_, a nozzle.]
TYBURN, t[=i]'burn, _n._ the historic place of execution in London.--_ns._ TY'BURN-TICK'ET, a certificate of exemption from certain parochial offices formerly granted to the prosecutor of a felon to conviction; TY'BURN-TIPP'ET, a halter; TY'BURN-TREE, the gallows.
TYCHE, t[=i]'k[=e], _n._ (_Gr. myth._) the goddess of fortune.
TYCHONIC, t[=i]-kon'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the Danish astronomer, _Tycho_ Brahe (1546-1601), or his system.
TYCOON, t[=i]-k[=oo]n', _n._ the title by which the Shoguns of Japan were known to foreigners from 1854 to 1868.--_n._ TYCOON'[=A]TE, the shogunate.
[Jap. _taikun_, great prince--Chin. _ta_, great, _kiun_, prince.]
TYE, t[=i], _v.t._ to wash ore in a tye.--_n._ a narrow buddle or inclined hutch for washing ore. [Prob. A.S. _thwean_, to wash.]
TYE, t[=i], _n._ an old form of _tie_: a runner of thick rope or chain, which forms part of the purchase used for hoisting the topsail and top-gallant yards.--_ns._ TYE'-BLOCK, the block on the yard through which the tye is rove, and passes on to be secured at the masthead; TY'ING, the act of fastening, a fastening.
TYKE. See TIKE.
TYLARUS, til'a-rus, _n._ one of the fleshy pads of the toe:--_pl._ TYL'AR[=I]. [Gr. _tylos_, a knot.]
TYLE-BERRY, t[=i]l'-ber'i, _n._ the coral-plant.
TYLER=_Tiler_ (q.v.).
TYLOPOD, t[=i]'l[=o]-pod, _adj._ having padded digits, as the camel.--_n._ one of the _Tylopoda_. [Gr. _tylos_, a knot, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]
TYLOSIS, t[=i]-l[=o]'sis, _n._ (_bot._) a growth formed in the cavity of a duct by intrusion from a contiguous growing cell: an inflammation of the eyelids: callosity:--_pl._ TYL[=O]'SES.--_adj._ TYLOT'IC. [Gr.]
TYLOTE, t[=i]'l[=o]t, _n._ a cylindrical spicule, knobbed at both ends.--_adj._ TY'L[=O]T[=A]TE. [Gr. _tyl[=o]tos_--_tylos_, a knot.]
TYMBAL=_Timbal_ (q.v.).
TYMP, timp, _n._ the crown of the opening in front of the hearth in a blast-furnace.
TYMPAN, tim'pan, _n._ an ancient Irish musical instrument: a frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank sheets are placed to be impressed. [Fr.,--L. _tympanum_, a drum.]
TYMPANUM, tim'pan-um, _n._ (_anat._) the membrane which separates the external from the internal ear, often called the drum of the ear: in certain birds, the labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe: (_archit._) the triangular space between sloping and horizontal cornices, or in the corners or sides of an arch: the panel of a door: a water-raising current wheel, originally drum-shaped.--_adjs._ TYM'PANAL, TYMPAN'IC, like a drum: pertaining to the tympanum.--_n._ a bone of the ear, supporting the drum-membrane.--_adj._ TYM'PANIFORM, like a tympanum.--_ns._ TYM'PANIST, one who plays a drum; TYMPAN[=I]'T[=E]S, flatulent distension of the belly.--_adj._ TYMPANIT'IC.--_ns._ TYMPAN[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the membrane of the ear; TYM'PANY, any swelling, turgidity: tympanites.--TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, the drum-membrane of the ear; TYMPANIC RESONANCE, the peculiar high-pitched quality of sound produced by percussion over the intestines, &c., when they contain air; TYMPANIC RING, an annular tympanic bone, to which the tympanic membrane is attached.
[L.,--Gr. _tympanon_, _typanon_, a kettledrum--_typtein_, to strike.]
TYNDE, t[=i]nd, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ (_Spens._) kindled.
TYNE, t[=i]n, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to become lost, to perish.
TYNE, t[=i]n, _n._ (_Spens._) anxiety.
TYNEWALD, TINEWALD, tin'wold, _n._ the parliament of the Isle of Man. [Cf.
Shetland _tingwall_--Ice. _thing-vollr_--_ting_, a parliament, _vollr_, a wood.]
TYPE, t[=i]p, _n._ a mark or figure struck or stamped upon something: an emblem or figure of something to come, esp. the foreshadowing in the Old Testament of something realised in the New (the _antitype_): an exemplar, pattern: a representative style, model: the principal device on a coin or medal: a model in nature made the subject of a copy: (_nat. hist._) that which combines best the characteristics of a group: the order in which the symptoms of a disease exhibit themselves: a chemical compound which represents the composition and structure of many more complex compounds, esp. Gerhardt's four types--hydrochloric acid, water, ammonia, and marsh-gas: a piece of metal, wood, or other material, on one end of which is cast or engraved a character, sign, &c. used in printing (the sizes are designated by different names in respect of their _body_--i.e. the depths of the _face_ which comes in contact with the ink plus the _bevel_ and _beard_.[Illustration] Again, differences in width render the type _fat_ or _lean_, or, if strongly marked, _extended_ or _condensed_; differences in style or face are endless--_Roman_ and _Italic_ compose the text of all books in English; _Antique_ (1), _Gothic_ (2), _Clarendon_ (3), and _Black-letter_ (4) are approved styles for display. In America types are designated according to the number of 'points' of which the body consists.
The point is 1/12 of a Pica; Nonpareil would accordingly be called six points. On the Continent the point is 1/12 of a Cicero, a body between Pica and English): the whole types used in printing.--_v.t._ to constitute a type of: to reproduce in type: to typify.--_adj._ TY'PAL.--_ns._ TYPE'-BAR, a line of type cast in one piece, as in a linotype or typograph; TYPE'-BLOCK, a body of metal or wood on which a type is cut or cast; TYPE'-CAST'ING, the act of founding type in moulds; TYPE'-CUT'TER, one who engraves dies for printing-types; TYPE'-CYL'INDER, the cylinder of a rotary printing-machine on which types or plates are fastened for printing; TYPE'-FOUND'ER, one who founds or casts printers' type; TYPE'-FOUND'ING; TYPE'-FOUND'RY, a place where type is founded or manufactured; TYPE'-GAUGE, a type-measure: a gauge for estimating the size of type.--_adj._ TYPE'-HIGH, of the standard height of type--of a woodcut, &c.--_ns._ TYPE'-HOLD'ER, a bookbinder's pallet or holder for use in hand-stamping; TYPEM'BRYO, an embryo at the stage when it first exhibits the type of structure of the phylum or sub-kingdom to which it belongs; TYPE'-MET'AL, metal used for making types, a compound of tin, antimony, copper, and lead; TYPE'-SCALE, a measuring-rod for type; TYPE'-SET'TER, a compositor: a machine which combines types in proper order for printing; TYPE'-SET'TING.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ TYPE'WRITE, to produce by means of a typewriter: to practise typewriting.--_ns._ TYPE'WRITER, a machine for producing legible characters on paper by mechanical means without the use of a pen: an operator on a typewriting machine; TYPE'WRITING.--_adjs._ TYP'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or constituting, a type: emblematic: figurative: (_nat. hist._) combining the characteristics of a group: connotative, indicative.--_n._ TYPICAL'ITY.--_adv._ TYP'ICALLY.--_ns._ TYP'ICALNESS; TYPIFIC[=A]'TION; TYPIF[=I]'ER.--_v.t._ TYP'IFY, to make a type of: to represent by an image or resemblance: to prefigure:--_pa.p._ and _pa.t._ typ'if[=i]ed.--_ns._ TY'PIST, one who uses a typewriter; TYPO (t[=i]'p[=o]), a compositor; TY'POCOSMY (_Bacon_), universal terminology; TY'POGRAPH, a machine for making and setting type; TYPOG'RAPHER, a printer; TYPOGRAPH'IA (_pl._), miscellany relating to printers and printing: (_sing._) a book of instruction in printing.--_adjs._ TYPOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to typography or printing.--_adv._ TYPOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ TYPOG'RAPHIST, a student of typography; TYPOG'RAPHY, the art of printing: (_orig._) the art of representing by types or symbols: the general appearance of printed matter.--_adj._ TYPOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to typology.--_ns._ TYPOL'OGY, the doctrine of Scripture types or figures; TYPOM[=A]'NIA, a craze for printing one's lucubrations.--TYPE GENUS (_biol._), a generic type; TYPE SPECIES (_biol._), a specific type.--UNITY OF TYPE, the fundamental agreement in structure seen in organic beings of the same class or order. [Fr. _type_--L. _typus_--Gr. _typos_--_typtein_, to strike.]
[Illustration]
The above specimen lines show the usual bodies used in the texts of books and newspapers; (1) being set in Great Primer, (2) in English, (3) in Pica, (4) in Small Pica, (5) in Long Primer, (6) in Bourgeois, (7) in Brevier, (8) in Minion, (9) in Nonpareil, (10) in Pearl, and (11) in Diamond.
The black squares represent the square of the body of the type, one of the units of measurement, and is called an _em_, the letter M being exactly square.
The following is a list of the number of lines to the foot of the respective bodies as made in actual metal types:
Great Primer 51 Brevier 111 English 64 Minion 122 Pica 72 Nonpareil 144 Small Pica 83 Pearl 179 Long Primer 89 Diamond 204 Bourgeois 102
A 'font' of type is an indefinite quantity having all the proper proportions of 'sorts,' including capitals and small capitals, lower-case, spaces, points and references, figures, accents, hyphens, ligatures ([Ligatures for fi fl and ffi]), &c. The proportion of letters ranges from 200 z's to 12,000 e's. The smaller letters are called _lower-case_, from the case in which the compositor has them arranged; the capitals and small capitals being in a different or _upper_ case.