ROOT, r[=oo]t, _n._ the part of a plant which is fixed in the earth, and which draws up sap from the soil: an edible root: anything like a root, a growing plant together with its root: the bottom: a word from which others are derived: the cause, occasion, or basis of anything: the source: the lowest place: the first ancestor, or progenitor: (_math._) the factor of a quantity which multiplied by itself produces that quantity: any value of the unknown quantity in an equation which will render both sides of it identical.--_v.i._ to fix the root: to be firmly established: to tear up: to eradicate: to exterminate.--_v.t._ to plant in the earth: to implant deeply.--_ns._ ROOT'AGE, the act of striking roots; ROOT'-BEER, a drink made from roots of dandelion, sassafras, &c.; ROOT'-B[=O]R'ER, an insect which bores the roots of plants.--_adj._ ROOT'-BOUND (_Milt._), fixed in the earth by, or as by, the root.--_ns._ ROOT'-CAP, a cap-like layer of cells at the tip of roots; ROOT'-CROP, a crop of esculent roots, esp. of single-rooted plants, as turnips, &c.; ROOT'-DIG'GER, a form of tongs for raising carrots, &c.; ROOT'-EAT'ER, any animal feeding habitually on roots.--_adj._ ROOT'ED, firmly planted: fixed by the roots: deep-seated, as a rooted dislike.--_adv._ ROOT'EDLY.--_ns._ ROOT'EDNESS; ROOT'ER.--_adj._ ROOT'-FAST, firmly rooted.--_ns._ ROOT'-F[=I]'BRIL, one of the fine divisions of a root; ROOT'-FORM, a form assumed by an insect when feeding on roots; ROOT'-GRAFT'ING, the process of grafting scions on a part of the root of some appropriate stock; ROOT'-HAIR, a delicate filament developed from a single cell.--_adj._ ROOT'-HEAD'ED, fixed as if rooted by the head.--_ns._ ROOT'-HOUSE, a rustic-house: a storehouse for potatoes, &c.; ROOT'-KNOT, an abnormal knot of a root.--_adj._ ROOT'LESS, destitute of roots.--_ns._ ROOT'LET, a little root: a radicle; ROOT'-LOUSE, one of the plant-lice; ROOT'-PAR'ASITE, a plant which grows upon, and derives its nourishment from, the root of another plant; ROOT'-PRES'SURE, an upward flow of sap, 'bleeding;' ROOT'-PULP'ER, a mill for grinding roots; ROOT'-SHEATH, the sheath of the root of a hair or feather; ROOT'-STOCK (_bot._), a prostrate rooting stem, either fleshy or woody, which yearly produces young branches or plants: origin.--_adj._ ROOT'Y, abounding in roots: rank.--ROOT AND BRANCH, completely; ROOT OF BITTERNESS, a dangerous error drawing away to apostasy; ROOT OF THE MATTER, that which is essential.--STRIKE, or TAKE, ROOT, to root, to become fixed. [Scand.; Ice.
_rot_; Dan. _rod_; Goth. _waurts_, A.S. _wyrt_.]
ROOT, r[=oo]t, _v.t._ to turn up with the snout.--_v.i_. to turn up the earth with the snout.--_n._ ROOT'ER.--_v.t._ ROOT'LE. [A.S.
_wrotan_--_wrot_, a snout.]
ROPALIC=_Rhopalic_ (q.v.).
ROPE, showing method of construction.
[Illustration]
ROPE, r[=o]p, _n._ a thick twisted cord: a string consisting of a number of things united, as a rope of pearls: anything glutinous and stringy: a local lineal measure, 20 feet.--_v.i._ to fasten with a rope, to restrain: to catch with a noosed rope: to tether: to enclose: to extend into a thread, as by a glutinous quality.--_ns._ ROPE'-CLAMP, a pair of clamping jaws for securing the end of a cord; ROPE'-DANC'ER, one who performs acrobatic feats on a rope: a rope-walker; ROPE'-DRILL'ING, a method of boring holes in which a rope is used; ROPE'-HOUSE, an evaporating-house in salt manufacture; ROPE'-LADD'ER, a ladder made of ropes; ROPE'-MACHINE', a machine for making ropes from yarn; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ER, R[=O]'PER, a maker of ropes; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ING; ROPE'-POR'TER, a pulley to save the ropes of steam-ploughs from friction; ROPE'-PULL'ING, the sport of pulling at a rope, each party endeavouring to draw the other over a line; ROPE'-PUMP, a machine for raising water by an endless rope; R[=O]'PER, a crafty fellow: one who throws the lasso; ROPE'-RAIL'WAY, a cable-railway.--_adj._ ROPE'-RIPE, deserving to be hanged.--_ns._ ROPE'-RUN'NER, a railway brakesman; R[=O]'PERY, a place where ropes are made; ROPE'-SPIN'NER, one who spins ropes by a revolving wheel; ROPE'-STITCH, a kind of work in which the stitches are laid diagonally side by side; ROPE'-TRICK, a juggling trick in which a man is firmly tied with ropes from which he extricates himself: (_Shak._) a trick deserving the gallows; ROPE'-WALK, a long narrow shed used for the spinning of ropes; ROPE'-WINCH, a set of three whirlers for twisting simultaneously the three yarns of a rope; ROPE'-YARN, a yarn of many fibres for ropes.--_adv._ R[=O]'PILY.--_n._ R[=O]'PINESS, stringiness: viscosity.--_adjs._ R[=O]'PING, R[=O]'PISH, R[=O]'PY, stringy, glutinous.--ROPE IN, to gather in, to enlist; ROPE OF SAND, a tie easily broken; ROPE'S END, an instrument of punishment.--BE AT THE END OF ONE'S ROPE, to have exhausted one's powers or resources; GIVE A PERSON ROPE, to allow a person full scope; ON THE HIGH ROPE, elated, arrogant. [A.S. _rap_; Ice. _reip_, Dut. _reep_, Ger. _reif_.]
ROQUELAURE, rok'e-l[=o]r, _n._ a short cloak worn in the 18th century.
[Fr.]
ROQUET, r[=o]-k[=a]', _n._ in the game of croquet, a stroke by which a player strikes another's ball.--_v.t._ to make this shot. [Prob. formed from _croquet_.]
RORIC, r[=o]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to dew: dewy--(_obs._) R[=O]'RAL.--_n._ RORID'ULA, a genus of polypetalous plants of the Sundew family.--_adjs._ RORIF'EROUS, producing dew; RORIF'LUENT, flowing with dew; R[=O]'RULENT, full of dew: covered with bloom which may be rubbed off. [L. _ros_, _roris_, dew.]
RORQUAL, ror'kwal, _n._ a genus of whales of the largest size. [Sw.
_rorhval_--_ror_, round, _hval_, whale.]
ROSACEOUS, r[=o]-z[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) pertaining to the rose family: with the petals arranged like the rose.--_ns._ ROS[=A]'RIAN, a rose-fancier; ROS[=A]'RIUM, a rose-garden; R[=O]'SA-S[=O]'LIS, a cordial made with spirits and various flavourings.--_adj._ R[=O]'S[=A]TED, crowned with roses. [L. _rosaceous_--_rosa_, a rose.]
ROSALIA, r[=o]-z[=a]'li-a, _n._ a form of melody in which a phrase is repeated, each time being transposed a step forward. [It.]
ROSANILINE, r[=o]-zan'i-lin, _n._ a derivative of aniline: magenta: roseine.
ROSARY, r[=o]'za-ri, _n._ the string of beads by which Roman Catholics count their prayers: a series of devotions, aves, paternosters, and glorias: a rose-garden: a chaplet: an anthology.--FESTIVAL OF THE ROSARY, a festival on the first Sunday in October, commemorating the victory over the Turks at Lepanto in 1571. [O. Fr. _rosarie_--Low L. _rosarium_--L. _rosa_, a rose.]
ROSCID, ros'id, _adj._ dewy. [L.,--_ros_, _roris_, dew.]
ROSE, _pa.t._ of _rise_.
ROSE, r[=o]z, _n._ any shrub of the genus _Rosa_, having stems generally prickly, flowers terminal, often corymbose, in colour white, yellow, pink, or red: a flower of one of these shrubs: any one of various plants resembling the true rose: a rosette: a perforated nozzle of a pipe, &c.: light crimson, the colour of the rose: an ornamental tie: erysipelas: (_her._) a conventional representation of the flower.--_v.t._ to flush.--_n._ ROSE'-AC[=A]'CIA, the moss-locust, a tree with deep rose-coloured flowers.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SEAL, like a rose in smell or colour; R[=O]'SE[=A]TE, rosy: full of roses: blooming: red.--_ns._ ROSE'-BEE'TLE, -BUG, a coleopterous insect about an inch long, which is destructive to flowers, esp. roses: the rose-chafer; ROSE'-BERR'Y, the fruit of the rose: a hip; ROSE'-BIT, a cylindrical bit, the oblique surface of which is cut into teeth.--_adj._ ROSE'-BREAST'ED, having rose-colour on the breast.--_ns._ ROSE'-BUD, the bud of the rose: a young girl; ROSE'-BURN'ER, ROSETTE'-BURN'ER, a gas-burner in which the gas issues from a series of openings arranged radially round a centre; ROSE'-BUSH, the shrub which bears roses; ROSE'-CAM'PHOR, one of the two volatile oils composing attar-of-roses; ROSE'-CAM'PION, a red flower, _Lychnis coronaria_; ROSE'-CARN[=A]'TION, a carnation striped with rose-colour; ROSE'-CH[=A]F'ER, an injurious beetle whose grubs destroy the roots of strawberries, &c.; ROSE'-COL'OUR, the colour of a rose, pink: fancied beauty or attractiveness.--_adj._ ROSE'-COL'OURED, having the colour of a rose.--_n._ ROSE'-CROSS, a cross within a circle: a Rosicrucian.--_adj._ ROSE'-CUT, cut with a smooth, round surface, as a precious stone, and not in facets.--_p.adj._ ROSED (_Shak._), crimsoned, flushed.--_ns._ ROSE'-D[=I]'AMOND, a diamond nearly hemispherical, cut into twenty-four triangular facets; ROSE'-DROP, a rose-flavoured orange: a pimply eruption on the nose caused by tippling; ROSE'-EN'GINE, a form of lathe combining the rotary motion of the mandrel with a radial movement of the tool-rest; ROSE'-FES'TIVAL, a festival celebrated on 8th June, at Salency in France; ROSE'-FLY'CATCHER, an American fly-catching warbler; ROSE'-GALL, a gall produced on roses by an insect; ROSE'-GER[=A]'NIUM, a house-plant with rose-scented leaves; ROSE'-HAW, the fruit of the wild-rose: a ROSE'-HIP.--_adj._ ROSE'-HUED, rose-coloured.--_n._ ROSE'-KNOT, a rosette of ribbon or other soft material.--_adj._ ROSE'-LIPPED, having red lips.--_ns._ ROSE'-MALL'OW, a plant of the same genus, but larger, and having a finer flower than the common mallow, the hollyhock; ROSE'-MOULD'ING (_archit._), a moulding ornamented with roses; ROSE'-N[=O]'BLE, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, and current at the value of 6s. 8d. (see NOBLE, a coin).--_adj._ ROSE'-PINK, having a pink or rose colour: sentimental.--_n._ a crimson-pink colour.--_ns._ ROSE'-QUARTZ, a transparent quartz; ROSE'-RASH (see ROSEOLA).--_adjs._ ROSE'-RED, red as a rose; ROSE'-RINGED, with a collar of red feathers, as a parrot.--_ns._ ROSE'-ROOT, a succulent herb, having a rose-scented root; R[=O]'SERY, a place where roses are cultivated; ROSE'-SAW'FLY, a sawfly which attacks the rose; ROSE'-TAN'AGER, the summer red-bird; ROSE'-T[=O]'PAZ, an artificial colour of the true topaz produced by heat; ROSE'-TREE, a standard rose; ROSE'-VIN'EGAR, an infusion made by steeping roses in vinegar; ROSE'-WA'TER, water distilled from rose-leaves.--_adj._ sentimental, as 'rose-water philosophy.'--_ns._ ROSE'-WIN'DOW, a circular window with its compartments branching from a centre, like a rose; ROSE'WOOD, the wood of a Brazilian tree having a fragrance like that of roses; ROSE'WOOD-OIL, oil obtained from rosewood; ROSE'-WORM, the larva of a moth which feeds on the leaves of the rose, &c.; ROSE'-YARD, a rose-garden.--_adj._ R[=O]'SIED, decorated with roses or the colour of roses.--_n._ R[=O]'SIER (_Spens._), a rose tree or bush.--_adv._ R[=O]'SILY.--_n._ R[=O]'SINESS.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY, like a rose: red: blooming: blushing: charming; R[=O]'SY-BOS'OMED, -COL'OURED; R[=O]'SY-BRIGHT, bright like a rose: blooming.--_n._ R[=O]'SY-DROP, _acne rosacea_: a grog-blossom.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY-FING'ERED, Homer's favourite epithet of the dawn: with rosy fingers; R[=O]'SY-KIN'DLED, blushing with a rosy colour; R[=O]'SY-MAR'BLED, marbled with rosy colour.--_ns._ R[=O]'SY-MARSH, -RUS'TIC, -WAVE, names of moths.--_adj._ R[=O]'SY-TINT'ED, tinted of a rose-colour.--UNDER THE ROSE (L., _sub rosa_), under the pledge of secrecy, the rose being, among the ancients, the symbol of secrecy; WARS OF THE ROSES, a disastrous dynastic struggle between the Houses of Lancaster and York, which desolated England during the 15th century, from the first battle of St Albans (1455) to that of Bosworth (1485). [A.S.
_rose_--L. _rosa_, Gr. _rhodon_.]
ROSELET, roz'let, _n._ the summer fur of the ermine.
ROSELITE, r[=o]'ze-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral occurring in small red crystals, being a native arseniate of cobalt. [Ger. _roselith_, from the mineralogist Gustav _Rose_ (1798-1873), Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]
ROSELLA, r[=o]-zel'a, _n._ the Australian rose-parrakeet.
ROSELLE, r[=o]-zel', _n._ an East Indian rose-mallow.
ROSEMARY, r[=o]z'm[=a]-ri, _n._ a small fragrant evergreen shrub of a pungent taste, growing in the countries round the Mediterranean--an ancient emblem of fidelity. [O. Fr. _rosmarin_--L. _ros-marinus_--_ros_, dew, _marinus_--_mare_, the sea.]
ROSEOLA, r[=o]-z[=e]'[=o]-la, _n._ a rash of rose-coloured patches.
ROSET, r[=o]'zet, _n._ a red colour used by painters.
ROSET, ros'et, _n._ (_Scot._) rosin.
ROSETTA-STONE, r[=o]-zet'a-st[=o]n, _n._ a slab of black basalt found at _Rosetta_ in Egypt in 1799, having inscribed upon it, in hieroglyphics, demotic or enchorial, and Greek, a decree in honour of Ptolemy V.--the first clue to the decipherment of hieroglyphics.
ROSETTA-WOOD, r[=o]-zet'a-w[=oo]d, _n._ a handsome orange-wood used in cabinet-making.
ROSETTE, r[=o]-zet', _n._ an imitation of a rose by means of a ribbon: a form of knot: (_archit._) a rose-shaped ornament: a disc formed by throwing water on melted metal.--_adj._ ROSET'TED.--RED ROSETTE, or button, the rosette worn by officers of the Legion of Honour. [Fr., dim. of _rose_.]
ROSICRUCIAN, roz-i-kr[=oo]'shi-an, _n._ one of a secret society of the 17th century, the members of which made great pretensions to an acquaintance with the secrets of Nature, the transmutation of metals, power over elemental spirits, magical signatures, &c.--_n._ ROSICRU'CIANISM. [Prob.
Latinised from Christian _Rosenkreuz_ ('rose cross,' L. _rosa_, rose, _crux_, cross), the alleged founder in 1459; or from L. _roscidus_, dewy--_ros_, dew, _crux_, _crucis_, a cross.]
ROSIN, roz'in, _n._ the solid left after distilling off the oil from crude turpentine.--_v.t._ to rub or cover with rosin.--_adj._ ROS'INED.--_ns._ ROS'IN-OIL, an oil from pine resin for lubricating machinery; ROS'IN-WOOD, any plant of the genus _Silphium_.--_adj._ ROS'INY, like or containing rosin. [_Resin._]
ROSING, r[=o]'zing, _n._ the operation of imparting a pink tint to raw white silk.
ROSLAND, ros'land, _n._ (_prov._) moorish land.--_n._ ROSS, a swamp.
ROSMARINE, roz'ma-r[=e]n, _n._ (_Spens._) a sea-monster supposed to lick dew off the rocks: rosemary: the walrus. [_Rosemary._]
ROSMARUS, ros'ma-rus, _n._ the genus containing the walruses.
ROSMINIANISM, ros-min'i-an-izm, _n._ the philosophical system of Antonio _Rosmini_-Serbati (1797-1855), founder of the Institute of the Brethren of Charity--its fundamental conception, _being_ considered as the form of the intelligence.--_n._ ROSMIN'IAN, a member of the foregoing.
ROSOLIO, ROSOGLIO, r[=o]-z[=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a red wine of Malta: a sweet cordial from raisins. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _ros solis_, dew of the sun.]
ROSS, ros, _n._ the scaly matter on the surface of trees: (_Scot._) the refuse of plants.--_v.t._ to strip the bark from.--_n._ ROSS'ING-MACHINE', a machine for removing the bark of a tree. [Norw. _ros_, scale.]
ROSSIGNOL, ros'i-nyol, _n._ the nightingale. [Fr.]
ROSTELLARIA, ros-te-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of marine univalves.--_adj._ and _n._ ROSTELL[=A]'RIAN.--_adjs._ ROS'TELLATE; ROSTEL'LIFORM.--_n._ ROSTEL'LUM, any small beak-shaped process, as in the stigma of many violets: the forepart of the head of tapeworms--also ROS'TEL. [L.
_rostellum_, a little beak.]
ROSTER, ros't[.e]r, _n._ the list of individuals, or corps, kept by the various staff officers of the army to ensure the allotment of duties in proper rotation: (_coll._) any roll of names. [Dut. _rooster_--L.
_register_, a list.]
ROSTRUM, ros'trum, _n._ in ancient Rome, an erection for public speakers in the Forum, adorned with the beaks or heads of ships taken in war: the platform from which a speaker addresses his audience: the snout of an animal, or the beak of a bird: the beak of a ship, an ancient form of ram:--_pl._ ROS'TRUMS, ROS'TRA.--_adjs._ ROS'TRAL, like a rostrum or beak; ROS'TR[=A]TE, -D, beaked.--_n.pl._ ROSTRIF'ERA, a suborder of gasteropods, with contractile rostrum or snout.--_adjs._ ROSTRIF'EROUS, having a rostrum; ROS'TRIFORM, shaped like a rostrum; ROS'TRO-ANTEN'NARY, pertaining to the rostrum and antennae of a crustacean; ROS'TROID, resembling a rostrum; ROSTROLAT'ERAL, situated alongside the rostrum.--_n._ ROS'TRULUM, the mouth part of a flea. [L. _rostrum_, the beak--_rod[)e]re_, _rosum_, to gnaw.]
ROSULA, roz'[=u]-la, _n._ a small rose: a genus of Echinoderms.--_adjs._ ROS'[=U]LAR, ROS'[=U]LATE, having the leaves in rose-like clusters.
ROT, rot, _v.i._ to putrefy: to become decomposed: to become morally corrupt: to become affected with sheep-rot.--_v.t._ to cause to rot: to bring to corruption:--_pr.p._ rot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rot'ted.--_n._ decay: putrefaction: a special disease of the sheep, as of the potato: a decay (called _dry-rot_) which attacks timber: (_slang_) rant, bosh.--_ns._ ROT'-GRASS, the soft grass: the butterwort: the penny-rot; ROT'GUT, bad liquor; ROT'-STEEP, the process of steeping cottons to remove impurities.
[A.S. _rotian_, pa.p. _rotod_; cf. Ice. _rotinn_, putrid.]
ROTA, r[=o]'ta, _n._ a wheel: a course: a school or military roll: an ecclesiastical tribunal in the R.C. Church, consisting of twelve prelates called auditors, having its seat at the papal court.--_adj._ R[=O]'TAL.--_n.pl._ ROT[=A]'LIA, the typical genus of _Rotaliidae_, small foraminifers of rotate figure.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'LIAN; ROTAL'IFORM; R[=O]'TALINE.--_n._ R[=O]'TALITE, a fossil rotalian.--_adj._ R[=O]'TARY, turning round like a wheel: rotatory: held in rotation.--_v.t._ R[=O]'T[=A]TE, to turn anything round like a wheel: to cause to turn or to pass in rotation.--_v.i._ to turn round like a wheel: to go round in succession.--_adj._ wheel-shaped.--_ns._ ROT[=A]'TING-RING, a band of brass, &c., placed round a projectile to give it rotation; ROT[=A]'TION, a turning round like a wheel: series or appropriate succession, as of crops: recurrent order.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'TIONAL, R[=O]'T[=A]TIVE.--_adv._ R[=O]'T[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ ROT[=A]'TOR, any rotational agency: a muscle producing rotatory motion.--_n.pl._ ROTAT[=O]'RIA, the wheel-animalcules--also ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTAT[=O]'RIAL, ROTAT[=O]'RIAN; R[=O]'TATORY, turning round like a wheel: following in succession. [L.
_rota_, a wheel.]
ROTCHE, roch, _n._ the little auk, or sea-dove.--Also ROTCH'IE. [Prob. Dut.
_rotje_, a petrel.]