GUERILLA, GUERRILLA, g[.e]r-ril'a, _n._ a mode of harassing an army by small bands adopted by the Spaniards against the French in the Peninsular war: a member of such a band.--_adj._ conducted by or conducting petty warfare. [Sp. _guerrilla_, dim. of _guerra_ (Fr. _guerre_)--Old High Ger.
_werra_.]
GUERNSEY, g[.e]rn'zi, _n._ a sailor's closely-fitting knitted woollen shirt: one of a breed of dairy cattle from the island: the red-legged partridge. [From _Guernsey_ in the Channel Islands.]
GUESS, ges, _v.t._ to form an opinion on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture, to think.--_v.i._ to judge on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture rightly.--_n._ judgment or opinion without sufficient evidence or grounds.--_adj._ GUESS'ABLE, that may be guessed.--_n._ GUESS'ER, one who guesses or conjectures.--_adv._ GUESS'INGLY, by way of conjecture.--_n._ GUESS'WORK, work done by guess: random action. [M. E.
_gessen_; cog. with Dut. _gissen_; Dan. _gisse_, Ice. _giska_, for _gitska_--_geta_, to get, think, A.S. _gitan_, whence Eng. _get_. See FORGET.]
GUEST, gest, _n._ a visitor received and entertained.--_n._ GUEST'-CHAM'BER (_B._), a chamber or room for the accommodation of guests.--_v.i._ GUEST'EN (_Scot._), to stay as a guest.--_adv._ GUEST'WISE, in the manner or capacity of a guest. [A.S. _gest_, _gaest_; allied to Dut. and Ger. _gast_, L. _hostis_, stranger, enemy.]
GUEUX, g[=u], _n.pl._ the name assumed by the confederation (1565) of nobles and others to resist the introduction of the Inquisition into the Low Countries by Philip II. of Spain. [Fr., 'beggars.']
GUFFAW, guf-faw', _v.i._ to laugh loudly.--_n._ a loud laugh. [From the sound.]
GUGGLE, gug'l, _v.i._ to make a noise with the mouth or throat, to gurgle.
[Formed from _gurgle_.]
GUICOWAR. Same as GAIKWAR.
GUIDE, g[=i]d, _v.t._ to lead or direct: to regulate: to influence.--_n._ he who, or that which, guides: one who directs another in his course of life: a soldier or other person employed to obtain information for an army: a guide-book: anything calculated to maintain in a certain direction or position.--_adj._ GUID'ABLE.--_ns._ GUID'AGE, guidance; GUID'ANCE, direction: government; GUIDE'-BOOK, a book of information for tourists.--_adj._ GUIDE'LESS, having no guide.--_ns._ GUIDE'POST, a post erected at a roadside to guide the traveller; GUID'ER, one who guides, a director; GUID'ON, a forked guide-flag carried by a cavalry company or mounted battery, also the officer bearing it. [O. Fr. _guider_; prob. from a Teut. root, as in A.S. _witan_, to know, _wis_, wise, Ger. _weisen_, to show, conn. with _wit_, _wise_.]
GUILD, GILD, gild, _n._ an association of men for mutual aid: a corporation: (_orig._) an association in a town where payment was made for mutual support and protection.--_ns._ GUILD'-BROTH'ER, a fellow-member of a guild; GUILD'HALL, the hall of a guild, esp. in London; GUILD'RY (_Scot._), a guild, the members of such. [A.S. _gild_, money--_gildan_, to pay.]
GUILDER, GILDER, gild'[.e]r, _n._ an old Dutch and German gold coin: now a silver coin=1s. 8d.: (_Shak._) money generally. [Dut. _gulden_--Ger.
_gulden_, gold.]
GUILE, g[=i]l, _n._ wile, jugglery: cunning: deceit.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to beguile.--_p.adj._ GUILED, armed with deceit: treacherous.--_adj._ GUILE'FUL, crafty: deceitful.--_adv._ GUILE'FULLY.--_n._ GUILE'FULNESS.--_adj._ GUILE'LESS, without deceit: artless.--_adv._ GUILE'LESSLY.--_ns._ GUILE'LESSNESS; GUIL'ER (_Spens._), a deceiver. [O.
Fr. _guile_, deceit; from a Teut. root, as in A.S. _wil_, Ice. _vel_, a trick.]
GUILLEMOT, gil'e-mot, _n._ a genus of diving birds of the Auk family, with long, straight, feathered bill and very short tail. [Fr., prob. Celt.; Bret. _gwelan_, gull, and O. Fr. _moette_, a sea-mew, from Teut.]
GUILLOCHE, gil-losh', _n._ an ornament formed of two or more bands intertwining in a continued series.--_v.t._ to decorate with intersecting curved lines. [Fr.; said to be from the name of its inventor, _Guillot_.]
GUILLOTINE, gil'[=o]-t[=e]n, _n._ an instrument for beheading--consisting of an upright frame down which a sharp heavy axe descends on the neck of the victim--adopted during the French Revolution, and named after Joseph Ignace _Guillotin_ (1738-1814), a physician, who first proposed its adoption: a machine for cutting paper, straw, &c.: a surgical instrument for cutting the tonsils.--_v.t._ to behead with the guillotine.--_n._ GUILL'OTINEMENT, death by the guillotine.
GUILT, gilt, _n._ punishable conduct: the state of having broken a law: crime: wickedness.--_adv._ GUILT'ILY.--_n._ GUILT'INESS.--_adj._ GUILT'LESS, free from crime: innocent.--_adv._ GUILT'LESSLY.--_n._ GUILT'LESSNESS.--_adj._ GUILT'Y, justly chargeable with a crime: wicked: pertaining to guilt.--_adv._ GUILT'Y-LIKE (_Shak._), guiltily.--GUILTY OF (sometimes in _B._), deserving. [Orig. a payment or fine for an offence; A.S. _gylt_, guilt--_gildan_, to pay, to atone.]
GUILT, gilt, _p.adj._ (_Spens._) gilded.
GUINEA, gin'i, _n._ an English gold coin, no longer used=21s., so called because first made of gold brought from _Guinea_, in Africa.--_ns._ GUIN'EA-CORN, a cereal extensively cultivated in Central Africa and India--also _Indian millet_; GUIN'EA-FOWL, a genus of African birds in the pheasant family, having dark-gray plumage with round spots of white, generally larger on the back and under surface; GUIN'EA-GRASS, a grass of the same genus with millet, a native of _Guinea_ and Senegal; GUIN'EA-HEN (_Shak._), a courtesan; GUIN'EA-PEPP'ER (see PEPPER); GUIN'EA-PIG, a small South American rodent, somewhat resembling a small pig, the cavy: (_slang_) a professional company director, without time or real qualifications for the duties; GUIN'EA-WORM, a very slender thread-like nematode worm common in tropical Africa.
GUIPURE, g[=e]-p[=oo]r', _n._ a kind of lace having no ground or mesh, the pattern fixed by interlacing threads: a species of gimp. [Fr. _guipure_--O.
Fr. _guiper_, prob. Teut.; cf. Goth. _veipan_, to weave.]
GUISE, g[=i]z, _n._ manner, behaviour: external appearance: dress.--_v.t._ (_arch._) to dress.--_v.i._ to act as a guiser.--_ns._ GUIS'ER (_Scot._), GUIS'ARD, a person in disguise: a Christmas mummer. [O. Fr. _guise_; from Old High Ger. _wisa_ (Ger. _weise_), a way, guise, which is cog. with A.S.
_wise_, way, _wis_, wise.]
GUITAR, gi-tar', _n._ a six-stringed musical instrument, somewhat like the lute, well adapted for accompanying the voice. [Fr. _guitare_--L.
_cithara_--Gr. _kithara_, a lyre or lute. See CITHERN.]
GULA, g[=u]'la, _n._ a piece in some insects, esp. in the beetles, &c., forming the lower surface of the head, behind the mentum, bounded laterally by the genae or cheeks: the upper part of a bird's throat, between mentum and jugulum.--_adj._ G[=U]'LAR. [L., 'throat.']
GULCH, gulch, _n._ (_U.S._) a ravine or narrow rocky valley, a gully.--_v.t._ (_prov._) to swallow greedily. [Prob. the _n._ and _v._ are connected.]
GULDEN, g[=oo]l'den, _n._ a certain gold or silver coin in Germany in the Middle Ages: the unit of account in Austria, having the value of about 2s.
[Ger.]
GULES, g[=u]lz, _n._ (_her._) a red colour, marked in engraved figures by perpendicular lines.--_adj._ G[=U]'LY. [O. Fr. _gueules_; acc. to Brachet, from Pers. _ghul_, a rose; acc. to others, from L. _gula_, the throat.]
GULF, gulf, _n._ a hollow or indentation in the sea-coast: a deep place in the earth: an abyss: a whirlpool: anything insatiable: in Oxford and Cambridge examinations, the place of those next to the pass, but not bad enough to fail.--_v.t._ to engulf.--_n._ GULF'-WEED, a large olive-brown sea-weed with stalked air-bladders.--_adj._ GULF'Y, full of gulfs or whirlpools.--GULF STREAM, a great current of warm water flowing out of the Gulf of Mexico through the Strait of Florida, along the eastern coast of the United States of America, then deflected near the banks of Newfoundland diagonally across the Atlantic. [O. Fr. _golfe_--Late Gr. _kolphos_--Gr.
_kolpos_, the bosom.]
GULL, gul, _n._ a web-footed sea-fowl belonging to the family _Laridae_.
[Celt.; Corn. _gullan_, W. _gwylan_, Bret. _gwelan_--_gwela_, to weep, to cry.]
GULL, gul, _v.t._ to beguile: to deceive.--_n._ a trick: one easily cheated: (_Shak._) a nestling.--_ns._ GULL'-CATCH'ER (_Shak._), a cheat; GULL'ER; GULL'ERY, imposture; GULLIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ GULL'IBLE, easily deceived.--_n._ GULLOS'ITY. [Same word as _gull_, a seafowl, the bird being thought stupid.]
GULLET, gul'et, _n._ the throat: the passage in the neck by which food is taken into the stomach.--_n._ GULOS'ITY, gluttony. [O. Fr. _goulet_, dim.
of O. Fr. _goule_ (Fr. _gueule_)--L. _gula_, the throat.]
GULLY, gul'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a big knife.--Also GULL'EY.
GULLY, gul'i, _n._ a channel worn by running water: a ditch: a ravine.--_v.t._ to wear a gully or channel in.--_p.adj._ GULL'IED.--_ns._ GULL'Y-HOLE, a manhole into a drain, &c.; GULL'Y-HUNT'ER, one who picks up things from gutters. [Prob. _gullet_.]
GULP, gulp, _v.t._ to swallow eagerly or in large draughts.--_n._ a swallow: as much as is swallowed at once. [Dut. _gulpen_--_gulp_, a great draught.]
GUM, gum, _n._ the firm fleshy tissue which surrounds the teeth: (_slang_) insolence.--_n._ GUM'BOIL, a boil or small abscess on the gum. [A.S.
_goma_, jaws; Ice. _gomr_, Ger. _gaumen_, palate.]
GUM, gum, _n._ a substance which exudes from certain trees and plants, and hardens on the surface, including those containing arabin, bassorin, and gum-resins.--_v.t._ to smear or unite with gum:--_pr.p._ gum'ming; _pa.p._ gummed.--_ns._ GUM'-AR'ABIC, a gum obtained from various species of acacia; GUM'-DRAG'ON, tragacanth; GUM'-ELAS'TIC, india-rubber or caoutchouc; GUM'-JU'NIPER, sandarac.--_adj._ GUMMIF'EROUS, producing gum.--_ns._ GUM'MINESS; GUM'MING, act of fastening with gum, esp. the application of gum-water to a lithographic stone: a disease, marked by a discharge of gum, affecting stone-fruit; GUMMOS'ITY, gumminess.--_adjs._ GUM'MOUS, GUM'MY, consisting of or resembling gum: producing or covered with gum.--_ns._ GUM'-RASH, red-gum; GUM'-RES'IN, a vegetable secretion formed of resin mixed with more or less gum or mucilage; GUM'-TREE, a name applied to various American and Australian trees; CHEW'ING-GUM (see CHEW). [O. Fr.
_gomme_--L. _gummi_--Gr. _kommi_; prob. Coptic _kom[=e]_, gum.]
GUMBO, gum'b[=o], _n._ the okra or its mucilaginous pods: a soup of which okra is an ingredient, also a dish of okra-pods seasoned: Creole patois in Louisiana.
GUMPTION, gump'shun, _n._ sense: shrewdness: common-sense.--_adj._ GUMP'TIOUS. [Doubtless conn. with A.S. _gman_, to observe; cf. Goth.
_gaumjan_.]
GUN, gun, _n._ a firearm or weapon, from which balls or other projectiles are discharged, usually by means of gunpowder--now generally applied to cannon: one who carries a gun, a member of a shooting-party.--_v.i._ (_Amer._) to shoot with a gun.--_ns._ GUN'-BARR'EL, the barrel or tube of a gun; GUN'BOAT, a boat or small vessel of light draught, fitted to carry one or more guns; GUN'-CARR'IAGE, a carriage on which a gun or cannon is supported; GUN'-COTT'ON, an explosive prepared by saturating cotton with nitric acid; GUN'-FIRE (_mil._), the hour at which the morning or evening gun is fired; GUN'-FLINT, a piece of flint fitted to the hammer of a flint-lock musket; GUN'-MET'AL, an alloy of copper and tin in the proportion of 9 to 1, used in making guns; GUN'NAGE, the number of guns carried by a ship of war; GUN'NER, one who works a gun or cannon: (_naut._) a petty officer who has charge of the ordnance on board ship; GUN'NERY, the art of managing guns, or the science of artillery; GUN'NING, shooting game; GUN'-PORT, a port-hole; GUN'POWDER, an explosive powder used for guns and firearms; GUN'-ROOM, the apartment on board ship occupied by the gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room; GUN'SHOT, the distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun.--_adj._ caused by the shot of a gun.--_adj._ GUN'-SHY, frightened by guns (of a sporting dog).--_ns._ GUN'SMITH, a smith or workman who makes or repairs guns or small-arms; GUN'STICK, a ramrod; GUN'STOCK, the stock or piece of wood on which the barrel of a gun is fixed; GUN'STONE (_Shak._), a stone, formerly used as shot for a gun; GUN'-TACK'LE (_naut._), the tackle used on board ship by which the guns are run to and from the port-holes; GUN'-WAD, a wad for a gun; GAT'LING-GUN, a revolving battery-gun, invented by R. J. _Gatling_ about 1861, usually having ten parallel barrels, capable of firing 1200 shots a minute; MACHINE'-GUN (see MACHINE).--AS SURE AS A GUN, quite sure, certainly; BLOW GREAT GUNS, to blow tempestuously--of wind; GREAT GUN, a cannon: (_coll._) a person of great importance; SON OF A GUN, a rogue, rascal. [M. E.
_gonne_, from W. _gwn_, a bowl, a gun, acc. to Skeat.]
GUNNEL, gun'l, _n._ Same as GUNWALE.
GUNNY, gun'i, _n._ a strong coarse cloth manufactured in India from jute, and used as sacking. [Hind. _gon_, _goni_, sacking--Sans. _goni_, a sack.]
GUNTER'S SCALE. See SCALE.
GUNWALE, GUNNEL, gun'el, _n._ the wale or upper edge of a ship's side next to the bulwarks, so called because the upper guns are pointed from it.
GURGE, gurj, _n._ (_Milt._) a whirlpool. [L. _gurges_.]