BRYONY, br[=i]'o-ni, _n._ a wild climbing plant, common in English hedgerows.--BLACK BRYONY, a climbing plant similar to bryony in habit and disposition, but which may be readily distinguished by its simple, entire, heart-shaped leaves, which are smooth and somewhat glossy. [L.--Gr.
_bry[=o]nia_.]
BRYOZOA, br[=i]-[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ an old name for the Polyzoa, from their resemblance to mosses.
BRYTHONIC, br[=i]th-on'ik, _adj._ a name introduced by Prof. Rhys for the second of the two great divisions of Celtic ethnology. The _Goidelic_ or _Gadhelic_ group embraces Irish, Manx, and Gaelic; the _Brythonic_ group, Welsh, Breton, and Cornish. [_Brython_, one of the Welsh words for the Welsh and so-called Ancient Britons.]
BUB, bub, _n._ (_slang_) strong drink.
BUBALIS, b[=u]'bal-is, _n._ a genus in the Antelope division of hollow-horned, even-toed Ruminants, not to be confused with the genus _Bubalus_, the Buffalo. [Gr.]
BUBBLE, bub'l, _n._ a bladder of water blown out with air: anything empty: a cheating scheme.--_adj._ unsubstantial, deceptive.--_v.i._ to rise in bubbles.--_v.t._ to cheat with bubble schemes:--_pr.p._ bubb'ling; _pa.p._ bubb'led.--_adj._ BUBB'LY.--_n._ BUBB'LY-JOCK, a Scotch name for a turkey-cock.--BUBBLE AND SQUEAK, meat and cabbage fried together.--TO BUBBLE OVER, as of a pot boiling, with anger, mirth, &c. [Cf. Sw. _bubbla_, Dut. _bobbel_.]
BUBO, b[=u]'bo, _n._ an inflammatory swelling of the glands in the groin or armpit.--_adj._ BUBON'IC, accompanied by buboes.--_n._ B[=U]B'UKLE, a ridiculous word of Fluellen's for a red pimple, corrupted from _bubo_ and _carbuncle_. [L.--Gr. _boub[=o]n_, the groin.]
BUCCAL, buk'al, _adj._ pertaining to the cheek. [L.]
BUCCANEER, BUCCANIER, buk-an-[=e]r', _n._ one of the piratical adventurers in the West Indies during the 17th century, who plundered the Spaniards chiefly.--_v.i._ to act as a buccaneer.--_n._ BUCCANEER'ING.--_adj._ BUCCANEER'ISH. [Fr. _boucaner_, to smoke meat--Carib. _boucan_, a wooden gridiron. The French settlers in the W.I. cooked their meat on a _boucan_ in native fashion, and were hence called _boucaniers_.]
BUCCINATOR, buk-sin-[=a]'tor, _n._ the name of a flat muscle forming the wall of the cheek, assisting in mastication and in the blowing of wind-instruments.--_adj._ BUCCINAT'ORY. [L.;--_buccinare_.]
BUCENTAUR, b[=oo]-sen'tawr, _n._ a mythical monster half man and half bull: the state barge of Venice used annually on Ascension Day in the ancient ceremony of the marriage of the state with the Adriatic. [It. _bucentoro_, usually explained as from Gr. _bous_, an ox, _kentauros_, a centaur.]
BUCEPHALUS, b[=u]-sef'a-lus, _n._ the famous war-horse of Alexander the Great: a familiar name for a riding-horse. [Gr.; _bous_, ox, _kephal[=e]_, head.]
BUCK, buk, _n._ the male of the deer, goat, hare, and rabbit--often used specifically of the male of the fallow-deer: a dashing young fellow.--_v.i._ (of a horse or mule--a BUCK'JUMPER) to attempt to throw by a series of rapid jumps into the air, coming down with the back arched, the head down, and the forelegs stiff: (_U.S._) to make obstinate resistance to any improvements.--_ns._ BUCK'EEN, a poor Irish gentleman, without means to support his gentility; BUCK'-EYE, the American horse-chestnut; BUCK'HORN, the material of a buck's horn; BUCK'-HOUND, a small kind of staghound used for hunting bucks; BUCK'-SHOT, a large kind of shot, used in shooting deer; BUCK'SKIN, a soft leather made of deerskin or sheepskin: a strong twilled woollen cloth, cropped of nap and carefully finished.--_adj._ made of the skin of a buck.--_n.pl._ BUCK'SKINS, breeches made usually of the cloth, not of the leather.--_ns._ BUCK'THORN, a genus of shrubs, the berry of which supplies the sap-green used by painters; BUCK'-TOOTH, a projecting tooth. [A.S. _buc_, _bucca_; Dut. _bok_, Ger. _bock_, a he-goat.]
BUCK, buk, _v.t._ to soak or steep in lye, a process in bleaching.--_n._ lye in which clothes are bleached.--_n._ BUCK'-BAS'KET, a basket in which clothes are carried to be bucked. [Ety. obscure; M. E. _bouken_; cog. words are Ger. _bauchen_, _beuchen_.]
BUCKBEAN, buk'b[=e]n, _n._ the marsh-trefoil, a plant common in bogs in Britain. [Corr. of _Bogbean_.]
BUCKET, buk'et, _n._ a vessel for drawing or holding water, &c.; one of the compartments on the circumference of a water-wheel, or one of the scoops of a dredging-machine: the leather socket for holding the whip in driving, or for the carbine or lance when mounted: a name given to the pitcher in some orchids.--_ns._ BUCK'ETFUL, as much as a bucket will hold; BUCK'ETING (_U.S._), jerky rowing; BUCK'ET-SHOP, slang term for the offices of 'outside brokers'--mere agents for bets on the rise or fall of prices of stock, &c.; BUCK'ET-WHEEL, a contrivance for raising water by means of buckets attached to the circumference of a wheel.--GIVE THE BUCKET, to dismiss; KICK THE BUCKET (_slang_), to die. [Prob. conn. with A.S. _buc_, a pitcher; or O. Fr. _buket_, a pail. Not Gael. _bucaid_, a bucket.]
BUCKIE, buk'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a shellfish such as the whelk: a refractory person. [Scot., prob. related somehow to L. _buccinum_, a shellfish.]
BUCKLE, buk'l, _n._ a metal instrument consisting of a rim and tongue, used for fastening straps or bands in dress, harness, &c.--_v.t._ to fasten with a buckle: to prepare for action: to engage in close fight.--_v.i._ to bend or bulge out: to engage with zeal in a task.--_n._ BUCK'LER, a small shield used for parrying. [Fr. _boucle_, the boss of a shield, a ring--Low L.
_buccula_, dim. of _bucca_, a cheek.]
BUCKRA, buk'ra, _n._ a word used by West Indian and American negroes for a white man--said in a dialect of the Calabar coast to mean 'demon.'
BUCKRAM, buk'ram, _n._ a coarse open-woven fabric of cotton or linen made very stiff with size, used for the framework of ladies' bonnets, for the inside of belts and collars of dresses, and for bookbinding: stiffness in manners and appearance.--_adj._ made of buckram: stiff: precise.--_v.t._ to give the quality of buckram. [O. Fr. _boquerant_.]
BUCKSHISH. Same as BACKSHEESH.
BUCKWHEAT, buk'hw[=e]t, _n._ a species of Polygonum, grown in Germany, Brittany, &c., for feeding horses, cattle, and poultry--buckwheat cakes are esteemed on American breakfast-tables. [Prob. Dut. _boekweit_, or Ger.
_buckweize_.]
BUCOLIC, -AL, b[=u]-kol'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the tending of cattle: pastoral: rustic, countrified.--_n._ BUCOL'IC, a pastoral poem.
[L.--Gr. _boukolikos_--_boukolos_, a herdsman.]
BUD, bud, _n._ the first shoot of a tree or plant: used of young people, as a term of endearment.--_v.i._ to put forth buds: to begin to grow.--_v.t._ to put forth as buds: to graft, as a plant, by inserting a bud under the bark of another tree:--_pr.p._ bud'ding; _pa.p._ bud'ded.--_n._ BUD'DING, a method of propagation by means of buds.--_adjs._ BUD'DY; BUD'LESS.--TO NIP IN THE BUD, to destroy at its very beginning. [M. E. _budde_; prob. related to Dut. _bot_, a bud.]
BUDDHA, b[=oo]d'da, _n._ an epithet applied to Sakyamuni or Gautama, the founder of the Buddhist religion.--_ns._ BUD'DHISM, the religion founded by Buddha; BUD'DHIST, a believer in Buddhism.--_adjs._ BUDDHIST'IC, BUD'DHIST, pertaining to Buddhism.--ESOTERIC BUDDHISM (see THEOSOPHY). [Sans.
_buddha_, wise, from _budh_, to know.]
BUDDLE, bud'l, _v.t._ to wash ore with a _buddle_ or inclined hutch over which water flows.
BUDGE, buj, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to move or stir.--_n._ BUDG'ER, one who stirs. [Fr. _bouger_--It. _bulicare_, to boil, to bubble--L. _bullire_.]
BUDGE, buj, _n._ lambskin fur.--_adj._ pompous: stiff. [Derivation unknown.]
BUDGET, buj'et, _n._ a sack with its contents: a compact collection of things: a socket in which the end of a cavalry carbine rests: that miscellaneous collection of matters which aggregate into the annual financial statement made to parliament by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
[Fr. _bougette_, dim. of _bouge_, a pouch--L. _bulga_.]
BUFF, buf, _n._ a pliant and uncracking leather used for soldiers' belts and other military purposes, made out of salted and dried South American light ox and cow hides: a military coat: the colour of buff: a light yellow: the bare skin: (_pl._) certain regiments in the British army, so named from their buff-coloured facings--e.g. East Kent Regiment, Ross-shire Buffs.--_ns._ BUFF'-COAT, a strong military coat: a soldier; BUFF'-WHEEL, BUFF'-STICK, a wheel or stick covered with buff-leather or the like, and sprinkled with emery, for polishing.--IN BUFF, naked. [Fr. _buffle_, a buffalo.]
BUFF, buf, _n._ (_obs._) a buffet, blow, or stroke.--_v.t._ to strike. [O.
Fr. _buffe_, a blow.]
BUFFALO, buf'a-l[=o], _n._ a genus of the ox kind, the tame, often domesticated Asiatic buffalo, and the entirely wild and fierce Cape buffalo. The so-called American buffalo is really a 'bison.' [It.
_buffalo_, through L. from Gr. _boubalos_.]
BUFFER, buf'[.e]r, _n._ a mechanical apparatus for deadening the force of a concussion, as in railway carriages: a fellow, as in 'old buffer.'--_n._ BUFF'ER-STATE, a neutral country lying between two others, whose relations are or may become strained.
BUFFET, buf'et, _n._ a blow with the fist, a slap.--_v.t._ to strike with the hand or fist: to contend against.--_n._ BUFF'ETING, a striking with the hand, boxing: contention. [O. Fr. _bufet_--_bufe_, a blow, esp. on the cheek.]
BUFFET, buf'et, _n._ a kind of sideboard: a low stool: a refreshment-bar (in this sense often pronounced buf'[=a]). [Fr. _buffet_; origin unknown.]
BUFFOON, buf-[=oo]n', _n._ one who amuses by jests, grimaces, &c.: a clown: a fool.--_ns._ BUFF'O, the comic actor in an opera; BUFFOON'ERY, the practices of a buffoon; ludicrous or vulgar jesting. [Fr. _bouffon_--It.
_buffone_, _buffare_, to jest.]
BUG, bug, _n._ an object of terror.--_ns._ BIG-BUG (_slang_), an aristocrat; BUG'ABOO, a bogy, or object of terror; BUG'BEAR, an object of terror, generally imaginary.--_adj._ causing fright. [M. E. _bugge_, prob.
W. _bwg_, a hobgoblin.]
BUG, bug, _n._ a name applied loosely to certain insects, esp. to one (_Cimex lectularius_) that infests houses and beds: in America applied to any insect.
BUGGERY, bug'g[.e]r-i, _n._ the crime of bestiality, unnatural vice. [Fr.
_bougre_--L. _Bulgarus_, a Bulgarian, a heretic.]
BUGGY, bug'i, _n._ a name given to several kinds of light carriages or gigs--in America, a light one-horse, four-wheeled vehicle with one seat; in England, two-wheeled; in India, provided with a hood to ward off the sun.
[By some conn. with BOGIE; ety. really quite unknown.]
BUGLE, b[=u]'gl, BUGLE-HORN, b[=u]'gl-horn, _n._ a hunting-horn, originally a buffalo-horn: a treble musical instrument, usually made of copper, like the trumpet, but having the bell less expanded and the tube shorter and more conical: (_Spens._) a buffalo or wild ox--dim. B[=U]'GLET.--_v.i._ B[=U]'GLE, to sound a bugle.--_n._ B[=U]'GLER, one who plays upon the bugle. [O. Fr. _bugle_;--L. _buculus_, dim. of _bos_, an ox.]
BUGLE, b[=u]'gl, _n._ a slender elongated kind of bead, usually black.--_adj._ (_Shak._) like bugles. [Prob. conn. with Low L. _bugulus_; prob. obscurely conn. with Dut. _beugel_, a ring.]
BUGLE, b[=u]'gl, _n._ a palaearctic genus of plants of the natural order _Labiatae_, with blue or sometimes white or purple flowers. [Fr., It.
_bugola_--Low L. _bugula_, _bugillo_.]
BUGLOSS, b[=u]'glos, _n._ a name popularly applied to many plants of the natural order _Boragineae_, more strictly to _Anchusa arvensis_, a common weed in corn-fields in Britain. [Fr. _buglosse_--L. _buglossa_--Gr.