[866] J. Grimm, _Deutsch Mythologie_,*[4] ii. 908 _sqq._; J.V. Grohmann, _Aberglauben und Gebrauche aus Bohmen und Mahren_ (Prague and Leipsic, 1864), p. 32 -- 182; A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_*[2]
(Berlin, 1869), pp. 149 _sq._, --216; J. Ceredig Davies, _Folk-lore of West and Mid-Wales_ (Aberystwyth, 1911), p. 230; Alois John, _Sitte, Branch und Volksglaube im deutschen Westbohmen_ (Prague, 1905), p. 202.
[867] Above, pp. 108, 121, 140, 146, 165, 183, 188, 196, 250, 255, 256, 258.
[868] Above, pp. 107, 195 _sq._
[869] Above, pp. 162, 163, 166, 171, 174.
[870] A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_*[2] (Berlin, 1869), p.
351, -- 395.
[871] Above, pp. 165, 168, 189, compare 190.
[872] A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_*[2] (Berlin, 1869), p.
351, -- 395; L. Strackerjan, _Aberglaube und Sagen aus dem Herzogthum Oldenburg_ (Oldenburg, 1867), i. p. 298, -- 209. See above, p. 343 note.
[873] In the Ammerland, a district of Oldenburg, you may sometimes see an old cart-wheel fixed over the principal door or on the gable of a house; it serves as a charm against witchcraft and is especially intended to protect the cattle as they are driven out and in. See L.
Strackerjan, _Aberglaube und Sagen aus dem Herzogthum Oldenburg_ (Oldenburg, 1867), i. p. 357, -- 236. Can this use of a wheel as a talisman against witchcraft be derived from the practice of rolling fiery wheels down hill for a similar purpose?
[874] F.S. Krauss, _Volksglaube und religioser Brauch der Sudslaven_ (Munster i. W., 1890), pp. 118 _sq._
[875] In German such spells are called _Nestelknupfen_; in French, _nouer l'aiguilette_. See J. Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie_,*[4] ii. 897, 983; A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_*[2] (Berlin, 1869), p.
252 -- 396; K. Doutte, _Magic et Religion dans l'Afrique du Nord_ (Algiers, 1908), pp. 87 _sq._, 294 _sqq._; J.L.M. Nogues, _Les Moeurs d'autrefois en Saintonge et en Aunis_ (Saintes, 1891), pp. 171 _sq._